ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 181 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
181 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 416 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of hesperidin supplementation on insulin resistance and sensitivity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Insulin Efsitora Demonstrates Similar Efficacy and Safety Profiles to Insulin Icodec in Insulin-Experienced Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparisons of QWINT-3 Versus ONWARDS 2, and QWINT-4 Versus ONWARDS 4.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Does Intermittent Nutrition Enterally Normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? The DINE-normal proof-of-concept study.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- An acute crossover trial of passive movement training with and without blood flow restriction to determine the impact on postprandial glycaemia.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Dual Mechanistic Role of Polyphenols in Modulating the Insulin-Related Metabolic Pathways: Insights from Computer-Aided Analysis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Natural Oral Absorption of Therapeutic Peptides: Mechanisms and Physiological Determinants.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Article
- Metabolic and Signaling Dysregulation in a Cellular Model of Hepatic Insulin Resistance.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Time- and Region-Specific Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Rat Brain.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- E3 ligase FBXO2-mediated protein stability of insulin receptor regulates adipogenesis and metabolic health in obesity.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Nutraceuticals as modulators of genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors in obesity.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Fabrication of Microneedle Patches by Suspension Casting of Drugs in Organic Solvents.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical expression of pancreatic melatonin receptor (MTNR1B) under experimental sleep disturbance in rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Effect of temperature and preservative selection on C-peptide degradation in randomly voided urine.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2026Article
- Insulin production in the retina drives autocrine signalling and metabolism reprogramming of the ARPE-19, a retinal pigment epithelium cellular model.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance and epilepsy: an emerging pathophysiological nexus.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
121 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.