ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Working Conditions as Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms among Spanish-Speaking Au Pairs Living in Germany-Longitudinal Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Working conditions and mental health of migrants and refugees in Europe considering cultural origin- a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between working conditions and mental health of migrants and refugees/asylum seekers vs. natives in Europe: a systematic review.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2023Pooled it
- Precarious employment and migrant workers' mental health: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2022Pooled it
- Psychosocial Risks in Informal Employment: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Female migrant domestic worker experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Downgraded dreams: Labor market outcomes and mental health in undocumented migration.SSM - population health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have shown poor working conditions and poor mental health among au pairs. However, there are limited longitudinal approaches to these conditions. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to assess the occurrence of depressive symptoms longitudinally and to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions and violence at work with depressive symptoms over time among Spanish-speaking au pairs living in Germany. A prospective cohort study was performed with three measurement intervals, which included 189 participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were implemented to estimate the association between predictors and depressive symptoms. Au pairs who worked >40 h per week were more than three times more likely to experience depression than those who did not (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.46-8.28). In addition, those exposed to physical violence were almost five times more likely to suffer from depression (OR: 4.95; 95% CI: 2.16-9.75), and au pairs who had bad schedule adaptation to social and family commitments had twice the risk of depression than those who did not (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 0.95-5.28). This knowledge could be of interest for future au pairs, host families, au pair agencies and policy makers. Together, they could improve awareness and monitoring of au pair working conditions.
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