ReviewMicroorganisms2021
Optimizing Antimicrobial Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Patients.
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Affecting Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Strategies of Polymyxin B in Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Infected Patients with Renal Impairment: A Systematic Review with Expert Opinion.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A microfluidic hollow-fiber infection model (µHFIM): monitoring bacterial response to dynamic drug treatment with single-cell resolution.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Duration Matters: Tailoring Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring determinants in deciding the optimal antimicrobial dose in patients undergoing CRRT: a mixed-methods study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial dosing considerations in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A review.World journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Optimising Meropenem and Piperacillin Dosing in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Renal Dysfunction (MEPIMEX).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Changing Landscape of Antibiotic Treatment: Reevaluating Treatment Length in the Age of New Agents.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Amikacin and Colistin in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections Using a Portable Plasmonic Biosensor.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic Equations Applied to Obtain New Topological Models in the Search of Antibacterial Compounds.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Determining an appropriate fosfomycin (ZTI-01) dosing regimen in pneumonia patients by utilizing minimal PBPK modeling and target attainment analysis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The Rise, Fall, and Rethink of (Fluoro)quinolones: A Quick Rundown.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A clinical data-driven machine learning approach for predicting the effectiveness of piperacillin-tazobactam in treating lower respiratory tract infections.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2024.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Review
- To Hemoadsorb or Not to Hemoadsorb-Do We Have the Answer Yet? An Updated Meta-Analysis on the Use of CytoSorb in Sepsis and Septic Shock.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Focused Insights into Liposomal Nanotherapeutics for Antimicrobial Treatment.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Population Pharmacokinetics-Based Evaluation of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Dosing Regimens in Critically and Non-Critically Ill Patients With Carbapenem-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A fundamental step in the successful management of sepsis and septic shock is early empiric antimicrobial therapy. However, for this to be effective, several decisions must be addressed simultaneously: (1) antimicrobial choices should be adequate, covering the most probable pathogens; (2) they should be administered in the appropriate dose, (3) by the correct route, and (4) using the correct mode of administration to achieve successful concentration at the infection site. In critically ill patients, antimicrobial dosing is a common challenge and a frequent source of errors, since these patients present deranged pharmacokinetics, namely increased volume of distribution and altered drug clearance, which either increased or decreased. Moreover, the clinical condition of these patients changes markedly over time, either improving or deteriorating. The consequent impact on drug pharmacokinetics further complicates the selection of correct drug schedules and dosing during the course of therapy. In recent years, the knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring, and antimicrobial resistance in the critically ill patients has greatly improved, fostering strategies to optimize therapeutic efficacy and to reduce toxicity and adverse events. Nonetheless, delivering adequate and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is still a challenge, since pathogen resistance continues to rise, and new therapeutic agents remain scarce. We aim to review the available literature to assess the challenges, impact, and tools to optimize individualization of antimicrobial dosing to maximize exposure and effectiveness in critically ill patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.