ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Carnosine, Small but Mighty-Prospect of Use as Functional Ingredient for Functional Food Formulation.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carnosine-Enriched Chicken Meat Improves Microvascular Function and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of the sensitive skin syndrome and the effect of a dermo-cosmetic treatment in Thai and Polish subjects.International journal of cosmetic science · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Construction of EngineeredBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Carnosinium bromide.IUCrData · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Nanomedicine: Breakthroughs in Therapy-Challenges in Safety and Cardiotoxic Risks: A Comprehensive Review of Inorganic Nanoparticles.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Article
- Untargeted metabolomics reveals effects of calorie restriction on skeletal muscle in older female and male rats.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Varied Effects of Carnosine and an Antioxidant-Enriched Carnosine Supplement in Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Model in Mice.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Effect of pork carnosine level on lipid and protein oxidation markers during in vitro co-digestion in a Mediterranean meal model.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- β-Alanine Is an Unexploited Neurotransmitter in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Amino acid and bioactive signatures of yellowfin tuna loins: ocean-specific patterns across major fishing grounds.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Exploring Causal Associations Between Plasma Metabolites and Sciatica: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Effects of zinc carnosine on bone loss in mice with diabetic osteoporosis.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Novel progress in the application of the small molecule drug carnosine for the treatment of several diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Exercise and Carnosine Modulate Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, Myokines, and Cardiometabolic Profiles in Rats: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Review
- Histidine-Containing Dipeptides in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- From Science to Dressing Room: Dietary Supplements for Elite Soccer Performance.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is present in all vertebrates. Carnosine has a number of beneficial antioxidant properties. For example, carnosine scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes created by peroxidation of fatty acid cell membranes during oxidative stress. Carnosine can oppose glycation, and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by protecting podocyte and mesangial cells, and can slow down aging. Its component, the amino acid beta-alanine, is particularly interesting as a dietary supplement for athletes because it increases muscle carnosine, and improves effectiveness of exercise and stimulation and contraction in muscles. Carnosine is widely used among athletes in the form of supplements, but rarely in the population of cardiovascular or diabetic patients. Much less is known, if any, about its potential use in enriched food. In the present review, we aimed to provide recent knowledge on carnosine properties and distribution, its metabolism (synthesis and degradation), and analytical methods for carnosine determination, since one of the difficulties is the measurement of carnosine concentration in human samples. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of carnosine's biological effects in musculature, metabolism and on immunomodulation are discussed. Finally, this review provides a section on carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food and potential health benefits and up to the present, neglected clinical use of carnosine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.