SynthesisToxins2021
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Medically Refractory Neurogenic Bladder in Children: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum Toxin in Children and Adolescents-A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications.Toxins · 2026Review
- Protocol-driven botulinum toxin injections for pediatric neurogenic bladder: long-term continence and bladder outcomes supporting its role as a minimally invasive alternative to augmentation cystoplasty.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Multidisciplinary management of people with spina bifida across the lifespan.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Long-term complications and outcomes of augmentation cystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- 2023 Canadian Urological Association/Pediatric Urologists of Canada guideline: Pediatric patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction Full-text version.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2023Article
- Onabotulinum Toxin A Intradetrusor Injections in Children with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Long-Term Histological Effects on the Bladder Wall.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Intravesical Botulinum Toxin A Injection in the Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder in Children.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- The Effect of Intravesical Injection of Botulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) on Quality of Life of Pediatrics Diagnosed With Overactive Bladder: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the use of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection in children with medically refractory neurogenic bladder. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using three databases (Medline via PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE). Articles evaluating BTX-A in children with neurogenic bladder were collected. The clinical and urodynamic parameters were reviewed for the safety and efficacy evaluation. Sixteen studies were selected into this study and a total of 455 children with medical refractory neurogenic bladder were evaluated. All of the patients had received traditional conservative medications such as antimuscarinics and intermittent catheterization as previous treatment. The duration of treatments ranged from 2 months to 5.7 years. Improvements in incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux were the most common clinical outcomes. The detrusor pressure, bladder capacity and bladder compliance improvement were the most common urodynamic parameters which had been reported. However, patient satisfaction with the procedure remained controversial. There was only a minimal risk of minor adverse effects. In all of the studies, BTX-A injection was well tolerated. In conclusion, BTX-A injection appears to be a safe and effective treatment in the management of medically unresponsive neurogenic bladder in children. There is currently no evidence that the use of BTX-A injection could be used as a first-line therapy for neurogenic bladder in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.