ReviewNutrients2021
Diet, Microbiome, and Cancer Immunotherapy-A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gut microbiome changes and cancer immunotherapy outcomes associated with dietary interventions: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of PD-L1 Expression with Clinicopathologic Characters in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Early Nutritional Intervention in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy: A Phase II Prospective Study.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Integrative multi-omics analysis uncovers tumor-immune-gut axis influencing immunotherapy outcomes in ovarian cancer.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Killing cancer takes guts: lessons learned from the manipulation of gut microbiome and immunotherapy for the future of urothelial carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier integrity: implications for digestive and systemic health.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Impact of Dietary Fiber Intake on the Immunological Response to Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Microbiome and cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Leveraging gut microbiota for enhanced immune checkpoint blockade in solid tumor therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Dietary sulfur amino acids enhance anti-tumor immunity in colon cancer via an NKT cell-XCL1-cDC1 circuit.Immunity · 2026Article
- Intratumoral microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Nutrition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathophysiological Insights, Impact, and Implications for Clinical Practice.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- From chaos to order: optimizing fecal microbiota transplantation for enhanced immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Bidirectional regulation of the gut microbiome-immune axis in the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and targeted interventions.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Review
- Fusobacterium Nucleatum in Colorectal Cancer: Relationship Among Immune Modulation, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dietary Fiber Lacks a Consistent Effect on Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy Across Diverse Murine Tumor Models.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Review
- Microbiome in prostate cancer: pathogenic mechanisms, multi-omics diagnostics, and synergistic therapies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in cancer suppression. Immunotherapy is widely used as a treatment method in patients with various types of cancer. Immune checkpoint blockade using antibodies, such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4, is currently gaining popularity. A systematic literature search was executed, and all available data was summarized. This review shows that specific dietary patterns (such as, e.g., animal-based, vegetarian, or Mediterranean diet) alter the gut microbiome's composition. An appropriate intestinal microbiota structure might modulate the function of human immune system, which affects the bodily anti-cancer response. This paper shows also that specific bacteria species inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can have a beneficial influence on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Antibiotics weaken gut bacteria and worsen the immune checkpoint blockers' efficacy, whereas a faecal microbiota transplant or probiotics supplementation may help restore bacterial balance in the intestine. Other factors (like vitamins, glucose, or BMI) change the cancer treatment response, as well. This review demonstrates that there is a strong association between one's diet, gut microbiome composition, and the outcome of immunotherapy. However, further investigation on this subject is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.