Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34203154›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review.

Md Al-Amin, Ahmad Majdi Abdul-Rani, Mohd Danish, Saeed Rubaiee, Abdullah Bin Mahfouz, Harvey M Thompson, Sadaqat Ali, Deepak Rajendra Unune, Mohd Hafis Sulaiman

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Biodegradable Magnesium Biomaterials-Road to the Clinic.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  7. A comprehensive review on metallic implant biomaterials and their subtractive manufacturing.The International journal, advanced manufacturing technology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Md Al-AminDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-5242-3193
Ahmad Majdi Abdul-RaniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-1193-5253
Mohd DanishDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7505-0983
Saeed RubaieeDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4433-5529
Abdullah Bin MahfouzChemical Engineering Department, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Harvey M ThompsonSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Sadaqat AliSchool of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Deepak Rajendra UnuneDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute of in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3BJ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9341-1962
Mohd Hafis SulaimanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.

Funding

FRGS Cost center: 015MA0-132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Together, 316L steel, magnesium-alloy, Ni-Ti, titanium-alloy, and cobalt-alloy are commonly employed biomaterials for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical characteristics and resistance to corrosion, even though at times they can be incompatible with the body. This is attributed to their poor biofunction, whereby they tend to release contaminants from their attenuated surfaces. Coating of the surface is therefore required to mitigate the release of contaminants. The coating of biomaterials can be achieved through either physical or chemical deposition techniques. However, a newly developed manufacturing process, known as powder mixed-electro discharge machining (PM-EDM), is enabling these biomaterials to be concurrently machined and coated. Thermoelectrical processes allow the migration and removal of the materials from the machined surface caused by melting and chemical reactions during the machining. Hydroxyapatite powder (HAp), yielding Ca, P, and O, is widely used to form biocompatible coatings. The HAp added-EDM process has been reported to significantly improve the coating properties, corrosion, and wear resistance, and biofunctions of biomaterials. This article extensively explores the current development of bio-coatings and the wear and corrosion characteristics of biomaterials through the HAp mixed-EDM process, including the importance of these for biomaterial performance. This review presents a comparative analysis of machined surface properties using the existing deposition methods and the EDM technique employing HAp. The dominance of the process factors over the performance is discussed thoroughly. This study also discusses challenges and areas for future research.

Indexed as

biomaterialscoatingscorrosionelectro-dischargehydroxyapatitewear

Identifiers

PMID34203154
PMCPMC8269714

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.