ReviewBiology2021
Rheumatic Immune-Related Adverse Events-A Consequence of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.
Review in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced thyroid dysfunction improves the prognosis of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: From friend to foe.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: advances and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in the Fight Against Bone Metastases: A Review of Recent Developments and Challenges.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Chronic immune-related adverse events arising from immune checkpoint inhibitors: an update.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Treatment approaches in autoimmune pancreatitis (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Toxicity in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Polymyalgia rheumatica: An update (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bone metastasis: Clinical challenges, toxicities, and mechanisms.Journal of bone oncology · 2023Review
- The Evolving Landscape of Immunotherapy in Uterine Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Characteristics of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Cutaneous Melanoma and the Particularities for Elderly Patients-Experience of a Single Clinic.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bibliometric analysis of rheumatic immune related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has changed the management and therapeutic methods for a variety of malignant tumors in the last decade. Unlike traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, which works by interfering with cancer cell growth via various pathways and stages of the cell cycle, cancer immunotherapy uses the immune system to reduce malignant cells' ability to escape the immune system and combat cell proliferation. The widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) over the past 10 years has presented valuable information on the profiles of toxic adverse effects. The attenuation of T-lymphocyte inhibitory mechanisms by ICIs results in immune system hyperactivation, which, as expected, is associated with various adverse events defined by inflammation. These adverse events, known as immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs), may affect any type of tissue throughout the human body, which includes the digestive tract, endocrine glands, liver and skin, with reports of cardiovascular, pulmonary and rheumatic ir-AEs as well. The adverse events that arise from ICI therapy are both novel and unique compared to those of the conventional treatment options. Thus, they require a multidisciplinary approach and continuous updates on the diagnostic approach and management.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.