ReviewCancers2021
Targeted Therapies and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Primary CNS Lymphoma.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- New hopes and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Beyond Chemotherapy: Present and Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Disorders.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Extranodal lymphoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.Molecular biomedicine · 2023Review
- Spatial single cell analysis of tumor microenvironment remodeling pattern in primary central nervous system lymphoma.Leukemia · 2023Article
- Thalidomide Alleviates Apoptosis, Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Pemphigus Vulgaris IgG in HaCat Cells and Neonatal Mice Through MyD88.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A mini-review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Molecular characteristics of immunocytes infiltration in primary central nervous system lymphoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Orelabrutinib Combined With Lenalidomide and Immunochemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Case Series.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Effect of Tumor Microenvironment and Angiogenesis on Clinical Outcomes of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- The immune landscape of cerebrospinal fluid across brain malignancies.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review article outlines the current development of emerging treatment strategies for primary central nervous system lymphoma, a rare brain tumor with, thus far, limited therapeutic options. Small molecule targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors will be discussed. The mechanisms of action, results of completed clinical studies, ongoing clinical trials, and future perspectives are summarized. Among the most promising clinical developments in the field of CNS lymphomas is ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which relays activation of nuclear factor kappa B upon integration of constitutive B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor signals. Down-stream of nuclear factor kappa B, the thalidomide analogs lenalidomide and pomalidomide exert immunomodulatory functions and are currently explored against CNS lymphomas. Finally, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as drugs targeting the PD-1 pathway, may become novel therapeutic options to unleash anti-tumor immunity in patients with primary CNS lymphoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.