ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Development and Evaluation of a Human Skin Equivalent in a Semiautomatic Microfluidic Diffusion Chamber.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacokinetic Relevance of In Vitro Skin Models: Absorption, Cutaneous Distribution, Metabolism, and Clearance-like Removal in Dermal and Transdermal Drug Testing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing transdermal drug delivery evaluation: the evolution from traditional models to skin organoids and the integration of artificial intelligence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Progress in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Research-Focus on Nanoformulations.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Models for barrier understanding in health and disease in lab-on-a-chips.Tissue barriers · 2024Review
- Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Quantifies Skin Barrier Function in Organotypic In Vitro Epidermis Models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Novel Dermatological Formulations.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Review
- Quantitative Analysis of a Pilot Transwell Barrier Model with Automated Sampling and Mathematical Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Development of Organs-on-Chips and Their Impact on Precision Medicine and Advanced System Simulation.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Transdermal Delivery of α-Aminophosphonates as Semisolid Formulations-An In Vitro-Ex Vivo Study.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Moisturizing and Antioxidant Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization and ex vivo evaluation of excised skin samples as substitutes for human dermal barrier in pharmaceutical and dermatological studies.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2022Article
- Skin-on-a-Chip Technology for Testing Transdermal Drug Delivery-Starting Points and Recent Developments.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for transdermal transport measurements to optimize topical drug formulations and to achieve proper penetration profile of cosmetic ingredients. Reflecting ethical concerns the use of both human and animal tissues is becoming more restricted. Therefore, the focus of dermal research is shifting towards in vitro assays. In the current proof-of-concept study a three-layer skin equivalent using human HaCaT keratinocytes, an electrospun polycaprolactone mesh and a collagen-I gel was compared to human excised skin samples. We measured the permeability of the samples for 2% caffeine cream using a miniaturized dynamic diffusion cell ("skin-on-a-chip" microfluidic device). Caffeine delivery exhibits similar transport kinetics through the artificial skin and the human tissue: after a rapid rise, a long-lasting high concentration steady state develops. This is markedly distinct from the kinetics measured when using cell-free constructs, where a shorter release was observable. These results imply that both the established skin equivalent and the microfluidic diffusion chamber can serve as a suitable base for further development of more complex tissue substitutes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.