ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2021
Blinding in Clinical Trials: Seeing the Big Picture.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The potential value of curcumin in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of changes in extracellular vesicles associated with obstructive sleep apnoea: implications for diagnosis and treatment.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Health Literacy Interventions on Self-management in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of dietary supplements on sports performance outcomes: a systematic review of evidence in elite athletes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Music intervention alleviates pain and distress in children undergoing vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of positive psychology theory in the rehabilitation nursing of Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for low back pain in China: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized control trials.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of the Digital App "Support, Monitoring and Reminder Technology for Mild Dementia" (SMART4MD) on People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Informal Caregivers: 18-Month Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of hypnotherapy for paediatric abdominal pain in primary care: a randomised controlled trial.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Trial
- Support, Monitoring, and Reminder Technology for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Informal Caregivers: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.JMIR human factors · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Alone or in Combination with Eszopiclone in Comorbid Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Trial.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Trial
- Tooth sensitivity and whitening effect of an in-office bleaching gel containing 2% sodium fluoride: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment with 300 mg vs. 100 mg isoniazid tablets: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- ACTION: a randomized phase 3 study of ONC201 (dordaviprone) in patients with newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2024Trial
- Seeing Through the Blind: Belief About Treatment Randomization and Smoking Cessation Outcome Among People With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder Who Smoke in a Placebo-Controlled Trial of Varenicline.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Effect of gingival barrier brands on operator perception, cervical adaptation, and patient comfort during in-office tooth bleaching: a randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blinding mitigates several sources of bias which, if left unchecked, can quantitively affect study outcomes. Blinding remains under-utilized, particularly in non-pharmaceutical clinical trials, but is often highly feasible through simple measures. Although blinding is generally viewed as an effective method by which to eliminate bias, blinding does also pose some inherent limitations, and it behooves clinicians and researchers to be aware of such caveats. This article will review general principles for blinding in clinical trials, including examples of useful blinding techniques for both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical trials, while also highlighting the limitations and potential consequences of blinding. Appropriate reporting on blinding in trial protocols and manuscripts, as well as future directions for blinding research, will also be discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.