Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34202481›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Etiology among Parents of Children with ASD.

Wei-Ju Chen, Zihan Zhang, Haocen Wang, Tung-Sung Tseng, Ping Ma, Lei-Shih Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Brief Report: Virtual Reality to Raise Awareness About Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wei-Ju ChenDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, TX 79762, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5424-7047
Zihan ZhangDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Haocen WangDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Tung-Sung TsengHealth Sciences Center, Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6266-9891
Ping MaDepartment of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Lei-Shih ChenDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5320-6350

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Parental perceptions of the etiology of their child's ASD can affect provider-client relationships, bonding between parents and their children, and the prognosis, treatment, and management of children with ASD. Thus, this study sought to examine the perceptions of ASD etiology of parents of children with ASD.

methodsForty-two parents of children diagnosed with ASD were recruited across Texas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually. All interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim for content analysis utilizing NVivo 12.0 (QSR International, Doncaster, Australia).

resultsThe content analysis identified the following themes regarding parental perceptions of ASD etiology: Genetic factors (40.5%), environmental factors (31.0%), problems that occurred during pregnancy or delivery (23.8%), vaccinations (16.7%), other health problems (7.1%), parental age at the time of pregnancy (4.8%), and spiritual or religious factors (2.4%).

conclusionsThe parental perceptions of ASD etiology were diverse, but several views, such as vaccinations and spiritual or religious factors, were not based on scientific evidence. Health professionals and researchers can use these findings to develop and provide targeted education to parents who have children with ASD. Our findings also support policymakers in developing campaigns designed to increase parental ASD awareness and knowledge.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAustraliaChildFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansPerceptionPregnancyTexasautism spectrum disorderetiologyparentsperceptions

Identifiers

PMID34202481
PMCPMC8297016

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.