ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Children.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Bisphosphonates in Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: A Systematic Review.Calcified tissue international · 2025Pooled it
- Acute phase reactants in paediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: implications for diagnosis and correlation with disease phenotype.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Comparative Molecular Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol on Osteoblast Migration and Osteogenic Gene Expression at Pediatric-Equivalent Concentrations: An In Vitro Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Transient osteoporosis of the hip in a 17-year-old nonpregnant female: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Subclinical Enthesitis in Children with Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Childhood Leukemia Presenting as Clinical Arthritis and Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: A Case Report.Oman medical journal · 2025Article
- A child with Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis and celiac disease: accidental association or two different aspects of the same condition?Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Autoinflammatory Bone Diseases.Balkan medical journal · 2025Review
- Treatment of High-Grade Chronic Osteomyelitis and Nonunions with PerOssalJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Primary chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw - a descriptive study of the condition and its occurrence in Sweden between 2012 and 2018.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Coexisting Sacroiliac Arthritis and Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in an Adolescent with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report and Treatment Success.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- Garrè Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of the Clavicle: Clinical Results after Clavicular Resection.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Case report: Looking for relationship between type 1 diabetes and chronic recurrent osteomyelitis: short literature review and case presentation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Sterile osteomyelitis: a cardinal sign of autoinflammation.Reumatologia · 2024Review
- Bisphosphonate-treatment of secondary chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw - a case report.Journal of surgical case reports · 2023Article
- Transcriptome analysis based on machine learning reveals a role for autoinflammatory genes of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Combination of Ilizarov Frame, Externalized Locking Plate and Tibia Bridging for an Adult with Large Tibial Defect and Severe Varus Deformity Due to Chronic Osteomyelitis in Childhood: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and current management of IL-1 mediated monogenic systemic autoinflammatory diseases, a literature review.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2022Review
- Septic Arthritis and Related Conditions.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. A narrative and pictorial review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an auto-inflammatory bone disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from unifocal to multifocal lesions. When it manifests with multifocal lesions, it is also referred to as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). CNO/CRMO can affect all age groups, with the pediatric population being the most common. Patients may present with systemic inflammation, but there is no pathognomonic laboratory finding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard radiological tool for diagnosis. In the absence of validated diagnostic criteria, CNO/CRMO remains an exclusion diagnosis. Bone biopsy does not show a specific disease pattern, but it may be necessary in unifocal or atypical cases to differentiate it from malignancy or infection. First-line treatments are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while bisphosphonates or TNF-α blockers can be used in refractory cases. The disease course is unpredictable, and uncontrolled lesions can complicate with bone fractures and deformations, underlying the importance of long-term follow-up in these patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.