ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Coinfections with Bacteria, Fungi, and Respiratory Viruses in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The role of respiratory co-infection with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus in the clinical severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- SARS‑CoV‑2 Associated Shifts in the Upper Respiratory Tract Mycobiome in Non-hospitalized Cases.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes and costs associated with viral lower respiratory tract disease hospitalisations.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Relating antimicrobial use to wastewater resistance gene patterns via metagenomic analysis of two neighboring treatment plants circa the COVID-19 pandemic.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Article
- Incidence of common respiratory pathogens among patients with severe acute respiratory infection during COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Azole Antifungal Consumption in Community Pharmacy Sales in Mainland Portugal: Trend Analysis from 2014 to 2023.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of healthcare-associated infections on in-hospital outcomes during the COVID-19 era: a multicenter comparative study of 20,942 isolated microorganisms from ICU patients.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Burden and Risk Factors for Coinfections in Patients with a Viral Respiratory Tract Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients: Etiology and Clinical Impact.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran:Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Developing Crowdsourced Clinical Registry Studies.The American journal of nursing · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses in Human Olfactory Pathophysiology.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Investigation of microbial coinfection in 453 septic COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital; a retrospective study.Future science OA · 2023Article
- Fungal infection profile in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective study at a large teaching hospital in a middle-income country.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Carbapenem use correlates with percentage of patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units.Infection · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoinfection with bacteria, fungi, and respiratory viruses in SARS-CoV-2 is of particular importance due to the possibility of increased morbidity and mortality. In this meta-analysis, we calculated the prevalence of such coinfections.
methodsElectronic databases were searched from 1 December 2019 to 31 March 2021. Effect sizes of prevalence were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To minimize heterogeneity, we performed sub-group analyses.
resultsOf the 6189 papers that were identified, 72 articles were included in the systematic review (40 case series and 32 cohort studies) and 68 articles (38 case series and 30 cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 31,953 SARS-CoV-2 patients included in the meta-analysis, the overall pooled proportion who had a laboratory-confirmed bacterial infection was 15.9% (95% CI 13.6-18.2, n = 1940, 49 studies,
conclusionBacterial co-infection is relatively high in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, with little evidence of
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.