ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Ingestion of Nitrate and Nitrite and Risk of Stomach and Other Digestive System Cancers in the Iowa Women's Health Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Hidden Burden of Water-Binding Additives in Meat Products: Biochemical, Clinical, and Psychosocial Implications.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Exploring the associations between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and markers of self-reported periodontal disease in the UK Biobank cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Investigation of Chemical and Processing Hurdle Impacts upon Microbial Control and Physicochemical Quality of Manufactured Pepperoni Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intake and associations with gastric cancer in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Regulatory role of N-nitroso compounds and lncRNA NEAT1 in endoplasmic reticulum stress and malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Association of dietary nitrate and nitrite from plant sources with digestive system cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Drinking water source and exposure to regulated water contaminants in the California Teachers Study cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Gastric Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Role of oral and gut microbiomes in enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and their effects on systemic disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Source-specific nitrate intake and all-cause mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Reduction of carcinogens in fermented fish (pla-ra and pla-som) by heating.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Microalgae-Based Biotechnology as Alternative Biofertilizers for Soil Enhancement and Carbon Footprint Reduction: Advantages and Implications.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Urinary nitrate and sodium in a high-risk area for upper gastrointestinal cancers: Golestan Cohort StudyEnvironmental research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are precursors in the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) which are potent animal carcinogens for the organs of the digestive system. We evaluated dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite, as well as nitrate ingestion from drinking water (public drinking water supplies (PWS)), in relation to the incidence (1986-2014) of cancers of the esophagus (n = 36), stomach (n = 84), small intestine (n = 32), liver (n = 31), gallbladder (n = 66), and bile duct (n = 58) in the Iowa Women's Health Study (42,000 women aged from 50 to 75 in 1986). Dietary nitrate and nitrite were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and a database of nitrate and nitrite levels in foods. Historical nitrate measurements from PWS were linked to the enrollment address by duration. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for exposure quartiles (Q), tertiles (T), or medians, depending on the number of cancer cases. In adjusted models, nitrite intake from processed meats was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer (HR
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