ReviewViruses2021
Ecological Effects on the Dynamics of West Nile Virus and Avian
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- West Nile Virus in Horses as a Sentinel Host in One Health Surveillance: Epidemiological Insights and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The ecology of biting: buzzing through the main ecological, environmental and biological drivers of mosquito-borne diseases.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Priorities for modelling arbovirus transmission under climate change.Trends in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- New enemies: contribution of CPathogens and global health · 2025Article
- Vector surveillance of avian Plasmodium and West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes from Doñana, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Integrating Wind Speed Into Climate-Based West Nile Virus Models: A Comparative Analysis in Two Distinct Regions.GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Environmental determinants of West Nile virus vector abundance at the wildlife-livestock interface.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- Review of selected mosquito-borne diseases: arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya, Zika, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever) and parasitic diseases (malaria, lymphatic Filariasis).Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Landscape level associations between birds, mosquitoes and microclimates: possible consequences for disease transmission?Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Energy input, habitat heterogeneity and host specificity drive avian haemosporidian diversity at continental scales.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Surveillance ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Avian Plasmodium in invasive and native mosquitoes from southern Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Are the Culex pipiens biotypes pipiens, molestus and their hybrids competent vectors of avian Plasmodium?PloS one · 2024Article
- Interactions between West Nile Virus and the Microbiota ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mosquito community composition shapes virus prevalence patterns along anthropogenic disturbance gradients.eLife · 2023Article
- Detection ofNew microbes and new infections · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans and wildlife are at risk from certain vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and West Nile and yellow fevers. Factors linked to global change, including habitat alteration, land-use intensification, the spread of alien species, and climate change, are operating on a global scale and affect both the incidence and distribution of many vector-borne diseases. Hence, understanding the drivers that regulate the transmission of pathogens in the wild is of great importance for ecological, evolutionary, health, and economic reasons. In this literature review, we discuss the ecological factors potentially affecting the transmission of two mosquito-borne pathogens circulating naturally between birds and mosquitoes, namely, West Nile virus (WNV) and the avian malaria parasites of the genus
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