Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34201505›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2021

The Fight against COVID-19 on the Multi-Protease Front and Surroundings: Could an Early Therapeutic Approach with Repositioning Drugs Prevent the Disease Severity?

Annamaria Vianello, Serena Del Turco, Serena Babboni, Beatrice Silvestrini, Rosetta Ragusa, Chiara Caselli, Luca Melani, Luca Fanucci, Giuseppina Basta

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and potential pathway-based therapeutic targets.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Review
  3. Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement. Series B, Biomedical chemistry · 2022
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Annamaria VianelloDepartment of Information Engineering, Telemedicine Section, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3232-9110
Serena Del TurcoCouncil of National Research (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3722-8861
Serena BabboniCouncil of National Research (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Beatrice SilvestriniDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Rosetta RagusaCouncil of National Research (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6914-6089
Chiara CaselliCouncil of National Research (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6705-2460
Luca MelaniDepartment of Territorial Medicine, ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 56121 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1191-1865
Luca FanucciDepartment of Information Engineering, Telemedicine Section, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5426-4974
Giuseppina BastaCouncil of National Research (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0809-4374
Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica · ITUniversity of Pisa · ITToscana Biomarkers (Italy) · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The interaction between the membrane spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the human epithelial host cell is the first step of infection, which has a critical role for viral pathogenesis of the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Following the binding between S1 subunit and ACE2 receptor, different serine proteases, including TMPRSS2 and furin, trigger and participate in the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. On the basis of the high virulence and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, other receptors have been found involved for viral binding and invasiveness of host cells. This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms underlying the binding of SARS-CoV2 to ACE2 and putative alternative receptors, and the role of potential co-receptors and proteases in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the short therapeutic time window within which to act to avoid the devastating evolution of the disease, we focused on potential therapeutic treatments-selected mainly among repurposing drugs-able to counteract the invasive front of proteases and mild inflammatory conditions, in order to prevent severe infection. Using existing approved drugs has the advantage of rapidly proceeding to clinical trials, low cost and, consequently, immediate and worldwide availability.

Indexed as

ACE2co-receptorsCOVID-19proteaserepositioning drugsSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34201505
PMCPMC8301470
OpenAlexW3174122826

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.