ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Uremic Toxins and Their Relation with Oxidative Stress Induced in Patients with CKD.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of renal impairment on outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of oral nutritional supplements on inflammation and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gut‑liver‑kidney axis: A systems biology framework for understanding and treating chronic kidney disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Serum metabolic signatures of nutritional status in early childhood: results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019).European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Cognitive function after kidney transplantation: longitudinal trajectories, associated factors, and clinical outcomes-a systematic review.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Neuro-Renal Crosstalk Across the Chronic Kidney Disease Spectrum: Stage-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment-An Integrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mind the Gut: Cognitive Decline, Microbiota, and Nutrition-Related Modulators in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Neurovascular decoupling is associated with altered glymphatic function as assessed by the DTI-ALPS index in patients on dialysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Declining eGFR and Uremia Are Associated with Remnant Cholesterol Accumulation and Reduced HDL-C in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Enhancing therapeutic strategies and drug development for patients with kidney disease.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2026Review
- Urine inflammatory protein levels decrease following kidney transplantation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Plumericin Modulates the AhR-NFκB-Nrf2 Signaling Network to Counteract Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Cells Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Significance of neutrophil extracellular traps and low-density granulocytes in advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 5D) cases with COVID-19.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Uncovering the mechanistic basis ofPharmaceutical biology · 2025Article
- Functional and Evolutionary Role of Reproductive Hormonal Dysregulation Following Dietary Exposure to Singed Meat.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Observational
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)-Independent Prognostic Marker of Renal Function Decline in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Gut Dysbiosis and Probiotic Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance: Bridging Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of toxins is believed to be a major factor in the development of uremia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Uremic toxins have been divided into 3 groups: small substances dissolved in water, medium molecules: peptides and low molecular weight proteins, and protein-bound toxins. One of the earliest known toxins is urea, the concentration of which was considered negligible in CKD patients. However, subsequent studies have shown that it can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induce insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as cause carbamylation of proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Other uremic toxins and their participation in the damage caused by oxidative stress to biological material are also presented. Macromolecules and molecules modified as a result of carbamylation, oxidative stress, and their adducts with uremic toxins, may lead to cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of mortality in patients with CKD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.