ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Safety and Benefits of Contraceptives Implants: A Systematic Review.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Extended duration of use of long-acting reversible contraceptives: Systematic review.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025Pooled it
- The prevalence of Implanon discontinuation and associated factors among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- How painful is Implanon NXTBMC women's health · 2026Trial
- Post-abortion needs-based education via the WeChat platform to lessen fear and encourage effective contraception: a post-abortion care service intervention-controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2024Trial
- Safety and effectiveness of etonogestrel implant in Chinese women requiring contraception: a multicenter, prospective, observational study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Observational
- Impact of Tenofovir Alafenamide Sub-Dermal Implant Insertion Site Scarring on Acceptability and HIV Prevention Preferences: A Prospective Cohort Study in Durban, South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Observational
- Subdermal contraceptive implant migration to the pulmonary vasculature: A case report.Case reports in women's health · 2026Article
- Evidence-Based Contraceptive Guidance for Young Women Following Induced Abortion: A Systematic Summary.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Review
- Progestins - a review of clinical application in gynecology.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical effectiveness and side effect profile of contraceptive implant (Implanon) among women at Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Disparities in perceptions of long-acting reversible contraceptives among patients in Delaware Title X clinics.Contraception · 2025Article
- Localization of a contraceptive implant using a silicon chip-based handheld ultrasound device.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Removal of 2-Rod Subdermal Implant Identified on X-Ray: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Complication of Nexplanon contraceptive implant requiring intramuscular removal from biceps: A Case Report.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Implanon in Managing Adenomyosis: A 3-Year Prospective Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy of etonogestrel implants on relieving dysmenorrhea in endometriosis and adenomyosis women for up to 3 years.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Response to comment on: Toward an optimal contraception dosing strategy.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Risk of early etonogestrel and levonorgestrel implant discontinuation in adolescents and adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant: Budget impact analysis based on the Brazilian private healthcare system.PloS one · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progestin-only contraceptive implants provide long-acting, highly effective reversible contraception. We searched the medical publications in PubMed, CENTRAL, and EMBASE for relevant articles on hormonal implants published in English between 1990 and 2021. Levonorgestrel (LNG) 6-capsule subdermal implants represented the first effective system approved for reversible contraception. The etonogestrel (ENG) single rod dispositive has been widely employed in clinical practice, since it is a highly effective and safe contraceptive method. Abnormal menstrual bleeding is a common ENG side effect, representing the main reason for its premature discontinuation. Emerging evidence demonstrated that it is possible to extend the use of the ENG implant beyond the three-year period for which it is approved. The ENG implant could be an effective and discrete alternative to the IUD in young girls, such as post-partum/post-abortion. Implants should be inserted by trained skilled clinicians who previously provide adequate counselling about their contraceptive effect, benefits, and any possible adverse events. More studies are needed to validate the extended use of the ENG implant for up to 5 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.