ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
SARS-CoV-2: An Overview of Virus Genetics, Transmission, and Immunopathogenesis.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Surveillance of Coronaviruses in Riyadh (2025-2026): Persistent Genotype C and Conserved N-Glycosylation Motifs in Human Coronavirus OC43.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Risk of Infections Among Contacts of COVID-19 Cases in the Healthcare Setting: Experience of One University Hospital.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immune Responses of Dendritic Cells to Zoonotic DNA and RNA Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Vitamin D Levels as a Marker of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular surveillance of potential SARS-CoV-2 reservoir hosts in wildlife rehabilitation centers.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Article
- The role of cross-reactive immunity to emerging coronaviruses: Implications for novel universal mucosal vaccine design.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- Possible Pathogenesis and Prevention of Long COVID: SARS-CoV-2-Induced Mitochondrial Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Prevalence of Human Coronaviruses in Children and Phylogenetic Analysis of HCoV-OC43 during 2016-2022 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Viruses · 2022Article
- Review
- Characterization and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Dynamic Comparison of COVID-19 Pandemic Waves.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Immune Signature of COVID-19: In-Depth Reasons and Consequences of the Cytokine Storm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- ORF8/ORF8a: a difference between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
- RNA structure-altering mutations underlying positive selection on Spike protein reveal novel putative signatures to trace crossing host-species barriers inRNA biology · 2022Article
- Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following Two Doses of Match and Mixed COVID-19 Vaccines Regimens in Saudi Population.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- ORF8a as a viroporin in SARS-CoV-2 infection?Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2021Article
- Sexual Exposure to HIV Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Multicentric Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human population is currently facing the third and possibly the worst pandemic caused by human coronaviruses (CoVs). The virus was first reported in Wuhan, China, on 31 December 2019 and spread within a short time to almost all countries of the world. Genome analysis of the early virus isolates has revealed high similarity with SARS-CoV and hence the new virus was officially named SARS-CoV-2. Since CoVs have the largest genome among all RNA viruses, they can adapt to many point mutation and recombination events; particularly in the spike gene, which enable these viruses to rapidly change and evolve in nature. CoVs are known to cross the species boundaries by using different cellular receptors. Both animal reservoir and intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2 are still unresolved and necessitate further investigation. In the current review, different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenicity are discussed, including virus genetics and evolution, spike protein and its role in evolution and adaptation to novel hosts, and virus transmission and persistence in nature. In addition, the immune response developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection is demonstrated with special reference to the interplay between immune cells and their role in disease progression. We believe that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak will not be the last and spillover of CoVs from bats will continue. Therefore, establishing intervention approaches to reduce the likelihood of future CoVs spillover from natural reservoirs is a priority.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.