ReviewViruses2021
Examination of the APOBEC3 Barrier to Cross Species Transmission of Primate Lentiviruses.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strain-specific epistasis shapes fitness landscapes of APOBEC3G antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.Science advances · 2026Article
- Human Coronavirus 229E Uses ORF4/4a to Antagonize the Host Restriction Factor SERINC5.MedComm · 2026Article
- An Emerging Global Threat After The COVID-19 Pandemic: Monkeypox Similarities and Differences.Polish journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Variability in HIV-1 transmitted/founder virus susceptibility to combined APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G host restriction.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- C→U transition biases in SARS-CoV-2: still rampant 4 years from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.mBio · 2024Article
- Minimally Modified HIV-1 Infection of Macaques: Development, Utility, and Limitations of Current Models.Viruses · 2024Review
- Detection of small ruminant Lentivirus proviral DNA in red deer from Poland.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- Replicative fitness and pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses in lymphoid tissue, primary human and chimpanzee cells: relation to possible jumps to humans.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Host cell restriction factors of equine infectious anemia virus.Virologica Sinica · 2023Review
- The roles of nucleic acid editing in adaptation of zoonotic viruses to humans.Current opinion in virology · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Competition for DNA binding between the genome protector replication protein A and the genome modifying APOBEC3 single-stranded DNA deaminases.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Vif Gained Breadth in APOBEC3G Specificity after Cross-Species Transmission of Its Precursors.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Divergence in Dimerization and Activity of Primate APOBEC3C.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Article
- Special Issue "APOBECs and Virus Restriction".Viruses · 2021Article
- Cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 proteins form a structurally distinct protein class with adaptations determining cross-species barriers.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The transmission of viruses from animal hosts into humans have led to the emergence of several diseases. Usually these cross-species transmissions are blocked by host restriction factors, which are proteins that can block virus replication at a specific step. In the natural virus host, the restriction factor activity is usually suppressed by a viral antagonist protein, but this is not the case for restriction factors from an unnatural host. However, due to ongoing viral evolution, sometimes the viral antagonist can evolve to suppress restriction factors in a new host, enabling cross-species transmission. Here we examine the classical case of this paradigm by reviewing research on APOBEC3 restriction factors and how they can suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). APOBEC3 enzymes are single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminases that can induce mutagenesis of proviral DNA by catalyzing the conversion of cytidine to promutagenic uridine on single-stranded viral (-)DNA if they escape the HIV/SIV antagonist protein, Vif. APOBEC3 degradation is induced by Vif through the proteasome pathway. SIV has been transmitted between Old World Monkeys and to hominids. Here we examine the adaptations that enabled such events and the ongoing impact of the APOBEC3-Vif interface on HIV in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.