ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- An insight into the antibiotic resistance profiles of ESKAPE pathogens isolated from humans in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Point prevalence of evidence-based antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and Etiology of Community- and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Patterns of Antibiotic Dispensing Among New Zealand Children: A Linkage Study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Antibiotic utilization in outpatient and inpatient hospitals in Zambia: a systematic review, key findings and public health implications.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Review
- Patterns of antibiotic use among adult patients across seven hospitals in Malawi: opportunities and challenges for antimicrobial stewardship programmes.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors for Purchasing Antibiotics Without a Prescription Among Patients in Rural South Africa: Implications for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quality of different brands of clarithromycin tablets marketed in Ethiopia; implications for the future.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Tackling the disparities in surgical site infections and related antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries.Surgery in practice and science · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Stewardship Trends and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated in Zambia: A Five-Year Retrospective Study (2020-2024).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Utilisation in Zambia: Results from the Analysis of National Data for the Human and Animal Health Sectors.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring behavioral determinants of antimicrobial dispensing in drug retail outlets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a mixed methods study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Demystify Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia Burden: 2-Year Cohort Study.Annals of African medicine · 2025Article
- Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance: Key Drivers, Hotspots, Innovative Strategies, and Challenges in the Fight Against Superbugs.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Review
- Evaluation of integration in WHO's tuberculosis, HIV, and antimicrobial resistance policies through the social-ecological lens.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Barriers to Compliance with National Guidelines Among Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Vietnam and the Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current status and future direction of antimicrobial stewardship programs and antibiotic prescribing in primary care hospitals in Zambia.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship in public health facilities in Malawi through a participatory epidemiology approach.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- A retrospective clinical evaluation of the quality of antibiotic use in treating ear, nose and throat infections in ambulatory care setting of a teaching hospital in Ghana: findings and implications.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors at 20 institutions in 21 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a high priority across countries as it increases morbidity, mortality and costs. Concerns with AMR have resulted in multiple initiatives internationally, nationally and regionally to enhance appropriate antibiotic utilization across sectors to reduce AMR, with the overuse of antibiotics exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Effectively tackling AMR is crucial for all countries. Principally a narrative review of ongoing activities across sectors was undertaken to improve antimicrobial use and address issues with vaccines including COVID-19. Point prevalence surveys have been successful in hospitals to identify areas for quality improvement programs, principally centering on antimicrobial stewardship programs. These include reducing prolonged antibiotic use to prevent surgical site infections. Multiple activities centering on education have been successful in reducing inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of antimicrobials in ambulatory care for essentially viral infections such as acute respiratory infections. It is imperative to develop new quality indicators for ambulatory care given current concerns, and instigate programs with clear public health messaging to reduce misinformation, essential for pandemics. Regular access to effective treatments is needed to reduce resistance to treatments for HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Key stakeholder groups can instigate multiple initiatives to reduce AMR. These need to be followed up.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.