ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
A Meta-Analysis of the Influence of Antipsychotics on Cytokines Levels in First Episode Psychosis.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of antipsychotic treatment on hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacotherapy · 2022Pooled it
- Pentoxifylline as an adjunctive in treatment of negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Trial
- Neuroinflammation: an unfortunate term to describe schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- High prevalence of CNS-directed autoantibodies in patients with schizophrenia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Investigating the disturbance in cortical glutamate and GABA function in psychosis and its origins and consequences.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Special Issue: The Role of Cytokines in Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Antipsychotics lower peripheral markers of inflammation in drug-naïve early psychosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Impact of abnormal metabolic-immunoinflammatory pathway on splenomegaly in patients with chronic schizophrenia and exploration of risk factors: case-control study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Differential effect of cannabis use and antipsychotic medication on extracellular free-water in the brain of individuals with early psychosis and controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Peripheral immune and kynurenine profiles are associated with cognitive change during early treatment of first-episode schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex-specific associations between Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio(NPAR) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Minor immunomodulatory effects of psychotropics suggested in severe mental disorders: Associations of antipsychotics with beta defensin 2, antidepressants with C-reactive protein, and mood stabilizers with soluble interleukin 2 receptor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Clinical Relevance of Peripheral Interleukins in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis: Symptom-Specific Associations from the PANSS Dimensions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Analytical Biomarkers for Inflammation Status Monitoring of Psychotropic and Antiepileptic Drugs.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunoinflammatory features and cognitive function in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: unraveling distinct patterns in clozapine-resistant patients.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence-related T cell phenotypes, structural brain imaging, and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia: a moderated mediation analysis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Severe burn injuries and the impact of mental health: insights from 7 years at Switzerland's leading burn center.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on IL-1β, IP-10, IL-17, TNFα, IL-10 and Soluble IL-2 Receptor in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) Patients-A Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Immune-neuroendocrine crosstalk in mood and psychotic disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCytokines have a major impact on the neurotransmitter networks that are involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. First Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients exhibit abnormalities in cytokines levels prior to the start of treatment. Previous studies showed that antipsychotic treatment modulates cytokines levels. The aim of this meta-analysis is to further investigate this relationship.
methodsSeveral online databases were searched. For meta-analysis of selected studies, we analysed variables containing the number of cases, mean and standard deviation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ levels before, and after, antipsychotic treatment.
results12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our main results demonstrate that, in FEP patients, antipsychotic treatment is related to decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-10 cytokines. On the other hand, levels of pro-inflammatory IL-2 and IL-17 remain unaffected.
conclusionsWhen compared with other meta-analyses of studies involving FEP individuals, results we obtained are consistent regarding decrease in IL-1β, IL-6. Comparing outcomes of our study with meta-analyses of schizophrenic subjects, in general, our results are consistent in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2. Our meta-analysis is the only one which indicates a decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-10 in FEP patients after antipsychotic treatment.
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Registered trials
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