ReviewCancers2021
Realization of Osteolysis, Angiogenesis, Immunosuppression, and Drug Resistance by Extracellular Vesicles: Roles of RNAs and Proteins in Their Cargoes and of Ectonucleotidases of the Immunosuppressive Adenosinergic Noncanonical Pathway in the Bone Marrow Niche of Multiple Myeloma.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Neuro-Bone Axis in Metastatic Progression: Innervation, Neuro-Immune-Osteoclast Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in multiple myeloma-bone marrow niche crosstalk: from cellular dialogue to clinical perspectives.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Regulation of immune-mediated chemoresistance in cancer by lncRNAs: an in-depth review of signaling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- [Research progress on targeted delivery of proteasome inhibitor nanoparticles for the treatment of multiple myeloma].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the antiangiogenic effect of AMG232 in multiple myeloma coculture systems.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment and their targeting in cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Size-Exclusion Chromatography: A Path to Higher Yield and Reproducibility Compared to Sucrose Cushion Ultracentrifugation for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exosomal lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Drug Resistance: The Role of Exosomal miRNA in the Microenvironment of Hematopoietic Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Their Roles in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma-Cracking the Code to a Better Understanding of the Disease.Cancers · 2022Review
- The role of angiogenesis in melanoma: Clinical treatments and future expectations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Exosomal MiR-4261 mediates calcium overload in RBCs by downregulating the expression of ATP2B4 in multiple myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cell-to-Cell Communication in Multiple Myeloma Progression.Cells · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiogenesis and immunosuppression promote multiple myeloma (MM) development, and osteolysis is a primary feature of MM. Although immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) markedly improve the survival of patients with MM, this disease remains incurable. In the bone marrow niche, a chain of ectoenzymes, including CD38, produce immunosuppressive adenosine, inhibiting T cell proliferation as well as immunosuppressive cells. Therefore, anti-CD38 antibodies targeting myeloma cells have the potential to restore T cell responses to myeloma cells. Meanwhile extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, proteins such as cytokines and chemokines, long noncoding RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs have been shown to act as communication tools in myeloma cell/microenvironment interactions. Via EVs, mesenchymal stem cells allow myeloma cell dissemination and confer PI resistance, whereas myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, myeloid-derived suppressor cell proliferation, and osteoclast differentiation and inhibit osteoblast differentiation. In this review, to understand key processes of MM development involving communication between myeloma cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, EV cargo and the non-canonical adenosinergic pathway are introduced, and ectoenzymes and EVs are discussed as potential druggable targets for the treatment of MM patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.