ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for nephrolithiasis preceding sarcoidosis diagnosis: findings from a Swedish case-control study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Review
- Prussian Blue Tablets for Cesium Decorporation: pH-Dependent Performance Under Normogastric and Hypochlorhydric Conditions in an In Vitro Gastrointestinal Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- What kind of water should I advise my kidney stone patient to drink: the Dutch experience.Central European journal of urology · 2024Article
- Hydration for Adult Patients with Nephrolithiasis: Specificities and Current Recommendations.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Mineral content variations between Australian tap and bottled water in the context of urolithiasis.BJUI compass · 2022Article
- Variation in Tap Water Mineral Content in the United Kingdom: Is It Relevant for Kidney Stone Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Special Issue 'Minimally Invasive Urological Procedures and Related Technological Developments'.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 20 institutions in 18 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disease. Besides the high risk of recurrence, its association with systemic disorders contributes to the burden of disease. Sufficient water intake is crucial for prevention of KSD, however, the mineral content of water might influence stone formation, bone health and cardiovascular (CVD) risk. This study aims to analyse the variations in mineral content of bottled drinking water worldwide to evaluate the differences and describes the possible impact on nephrological and urological diseases. The information regarding mineral composition (mg/L) on calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium and sulphates was read from the ingredients label on water bottles by visiting the supermarket or consulting the online shop. The bottled waters in two main supermarkets in 21 countries were included. The evaluation shows that on a global level the mineral composition of bottled drinkable water varies enormously. Median bicarbonate levels varied by factors of 12.6 and 57.3 for still and sparkling water, respectively. Median calcium levels varied by factors of 18.7 and 7.4 for still and sparkling water, respectively. As the mineral content of bottled drinking water varies enormously worldwide and mineral intake through water might influence stone formation, bone health and CVD risk, urologists and nephrologists should counsel their patients on an individual level regarding water intake.
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Registered trials
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