Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34198898›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Over 100 Years of Rift Valley Fever: A Patchwork of Data on Pathogen Spread and Spillover.

Gebbiena M Bron, Kathryn Strimbu, Hélène Cecilia, Anita Lerch, Sean M Moore, Quan Tran, T Alex Perkins, Quirine A Ten Bosch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Has the epidemiologic conundrum of Rift Valley fever changed?Tropical animal health and production · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. The public health threat of emerging phenuiviruses.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. ExploitingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  19. Human Riboviruses: A Comprehensive Study.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025
    Review
  20. Rift Valley fever and invisible women.Research directions. One health · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gebbiena M BronQuantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4431-2482
Kathryn StrimbuDepartment of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Hélène CeciliaBIOPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44300 Nantes, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5687-3570
Anita LerchDepartment of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3062-5901
Sean M MooreDepartment of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9062-6100
Quan TranDepartment of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3337-161X
T Alex PerkinsDepartment of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7518-4014
Quirine A Ten BoschQuantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5227-1406

Funding

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations 0000000U.S. Department of Agriculture 2019-67015-28982Wageningen University Graduate School Postdoc-talent program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the past 100 years, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, has caused potentially lethal disease in livestock, and has been associated with significant economic losses and trade bans. Spillover to humans occurs and can be fatal. Here, we combined data on RVF disease in humans (22 countries) and animals (37 countries) from 1931 to 2020 with seroprevalence studies from 1950 to 2020 (n = 228) from publicly available databases and publications to draw a more complete picture of the past and current RVFV epidemiology. RVFV has spread from its original locus in Kenya throughout Africa and into the Arabian Peninsula. Throughout the study period seroprevalence increased in both humans and animals, suggesting potentially increased RVFV exposure. In 24 countries, animals or humans tested positive for RVFV antibodies even though outbreaks had never been reported there, suggesting RVFV transmission may well go unnoticed. Among ruminants, sheep were the most likely to be exposed during RVF outbreaks, but not during periods of cryptic spread. We discuss critical data gaps and highlight the need for detailed study descriptions, and long-term studies using a one health approach to further convert the patchwork of data to the tale of RFV epidemiology.

Indexed as

bunyaviralesmosquito-borne diseasenotifiable diseaseProMEDRift Valley fever phlebovirus

Identifiers

PMID34198898
PMCPMC8227530

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.