ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Sex Hormones Related Ocular Dryness in Breast Cancer Women.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling dry eye disease prior to cataract surgery: A multicenter clinical study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prevalence, severity and associated risk factors of symptomatic dry eye among breast cancer patients receiving systemic therapy in Palestine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Secondary dry eye disease in breast cancer patients: a pilot study.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Real-world landscape of drug-related ocular injuries: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- ICU-Associated Exposure Keratopathy and Preventable Corneal Blindness: A Clinical Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Deciphering the causal effects of plasma metabolomics and lipids on breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Sex Differences in the Lacrimal Gland: Implications for Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- How Eyelid Changes May Impact on Tears.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- One Soul and Several Faces of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Impacts of gender and age on meibomian gland in aged people using artificial intelligence.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- 17β-estradiol inhibits TGF-β-induced collagen gel contraction mediated by human Tenon fibroblastsInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- P4 Medicine for Heterogeneity of Dry Eye: A Mobile Health-based Digital Cohort Study.Juntendo Iji zasshi = Juntendo medical journal · 2023Review
- Pathogenesis of the Homeostatic Failure of Ocular Surface as Morpho-Functional Unit.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Sex Hormones and Their Effects on Ocular Disorders and Pathophysiology: Current Aspects and Our Experience.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Dry eye and systemic diseases.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDry eye syndrome (DES) is strictly connected to systemic and topical sex hormones. Breast cancer treatment, the subsequent hormonal therapy, the subsequent hyperandrogenism and the early sudden menopause, may be responsible for ocular surface system failure and its clinical manifestation as dry eye disease. This local dryness is part of the breast cancer iatrogenic dryness, which affects overall mucosal tissue in the fragile population of those with breast cancer.
methodsA literature review regarding the role of sex hormone changes and systemic hormonal replacement treatments (SHRT) in DES available on PubMed and Web of Science was made without any restriction of language.
resultsAndrogens exert their role on the ocular surface supporting meibomian gland function and exerting a pro-sebaceous effect. Estrogen seems to show a pro/inflammatory role on the ocular surface, while SHRT effects on dry eye are still not well defined, determining apparently contradictory consequences on the ocular surface homeostasis. The role of sex hormones on dry eye pathogenesis is most likely the result of a strict crosstalk between the protective androgens effects and the androgen-modulating effects of estrogens on the meibomian glands.
conclusionsPatients with a pathological or iatrogenic hormonal imbalance, such as in the case of breast cancer, should be assessed for dry eye disease, as well as systemic dryness, in order to restore their social and personal quality of life.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.