ArticleJournal of virological methods2021
Evaluation of spike protein antigens for SARS-CoV-2 serology.
Article in Journal of virological methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 antibody testing study: a nested substudy within Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) in Alberta, Canada.BMJ open · 2025Article
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- Development and evaluation of a Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) prototype for the detection of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Antibody Kinetics Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Greek SARS-CoV-2 Infected and Naïve Healthcare Workers.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Engineering CRISPR/Cas13 System against RNA Viruses: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Micro-Fourier-transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy as tool for probing IgG glycosylation in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Assessment of the longitudinal humoral response in non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals at decentralized sites: Outcomes and concordance.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- German federal-state-wide seroprevalence study of 1Communications medicine · 2022Article
- Effect of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers in healthcare personnel.PloS one · 2022Article
- Expression and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.Nature protocols · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpike protein domains are being used in various serology-based assays to detect prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there has been limited comparison of antibody titers against various spike protein antigens among COVID-19 infected patients.
methodsWe compared four spike proteins (RBD, S1, S2 and a stabilized spike trimer (ST)) representing commonly used antigens for their reactivity to human IgG antibodies using indirect ELISA in serum from COVID-19 patients and pre-2020 samples. ST ELISA was also compared against the EUROIMMUN IgG ELISA test. Further, we estimated time appropriate IgG and IgA seropositivity rates in COVID-19 patients using a panel of sera samples collected longitudinally from the day of onset of symptoms (DOS).
resultsAmong the four spike antigens tested, the ST demonstrated the highest sensitivity (86.2 %; 95 % CI: 77.8-91.7 %), while all four antigens showed high specificity to COVID-19 sera (94.7-96.8 %). 13.8 % (13/94) of the samples did not show seroconversion in any of the four antigen-based assays. In a double-blinded head-to-head comparison, ST based IgG ELISA displayed a better sensitivity (87.5 %, 95 % CI: 76.4-93.8 %) than the EUROIMMUN IgG ELISA (67.9 %, 95 % CI: 54.8-78.6 %). Further, in ST-based assays, we found 48 % and 50 % seroconversion in the first six days (from DOS) for IgG and IgA antibodies, respectively, which increased to 84 % (IgG) and 85 % (IgA) for samples collected ≥22 days from DOS.
conclusionsComparison of spike antigens demonstrates that spike trimer protein is a superior option as an ELISA antigen for COVID-19 serology.
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