ArticleAging2021
Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice.
Article in Aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial-temporal lipidomics reveals dysregulated lipid metabolism in mouse brain during Alzheimer's disease progression.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Walruses are potentially exposed to paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations that impact their health during Alexandrium blooms in the Alaskan Arctic.Harmful algae · 2025Article
- Saxitoxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its History, Structure, Toxicology, Biosynthesis, Detection, and Preventive Implications.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- The Chemistry of Phytoplankton.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Differential Proteomic Analysis of Low-Dose Chronic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrodotoxin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Cerebral Organoids.Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Drugs as Chemical Weapons: Past and Perspectives.Toxics · 2023Review
- Article
- Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Marine Neurotoxins' Effects on Environmental and Human Health: An OMICS Overview.Marine drugs · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX), as a type of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is gaining widespread attention due to its long existence in edible shellfish. However, the mechanism underlying STX chronic exposure-induced effect is not well understood. Here, we evaluated the neurotoxicity effects of long-term low-dose STX exposure on C57/BL mice by behavioral tests, pathology analysis, and hippocampal proteomics analysis. Several behavioral tests showed that mice were in a cognitive deficiency after treated with 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 4.5 μg STX equivalents/kg body weight in the drinking water for 3 months. Compared with control mice, STX-exposed mice exhibited brain neuronal damage characterized by decreasing neuronal cells and thinner pyramidal cell layers in the hippocampal CA1 region. A total of 29 proteins were significantly altered in different STX dose groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1c) and arylsulfatase A (Arsa) were involved in the hippo signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism pathway. The decreased expression of Arsa indicates that long-term low doses of STX exposure can cause neuronal inhibition, which is a process related to spatial memory impairment. Taken together, our study provides a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of STX neurotoxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.