Inhibition of yes-associated protein suppresses migration, invasion, and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer with one of the most prevalent malignant tumors. Metastasis in NSCLC is the major cause of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator regulated by the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway that regulates organ size, growth, and regeneration. YAP is highly expressed in several malignant tumor types. Furthermore, YAP promotes tumor initiation and/or progression in various types of cancer. However, it is unclear whether YAP contributes to the metastasis in NSCLC and serves as a useful therapeutic target. Here, we investigated whether levels of YAP correlate with metastatic phenotype in NSCLC cells and serve as a useful therapeutic target. We found that high levels of YAP associate with high cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, YAP siRNA decreased the migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. Additionally, verteporfin, an agent used for the treatment of symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, decreased the expression of YAP and inhibited migration, invasion, and metastasis in NSCLC cells. Thus, the study suggests that targeting YAP may present a new avenue to develop therapeutics against metastasis in NSCLC and that verteporfin has potential molecular therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC.