ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2021
Cortical bone development, maintenance and porosity: genetic alterations in humans and mice influencing chondrocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone organic matrix quality indices associate with fragility fracture occurrence independently of bone mineral density values.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Exercise-stimulated primary cilia on preosteoclasts promote periosteal-bone formation.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- A case of serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome presenting with foetal limb shortening: a disorder of foetal osteogenesis and part of the phenotypic spectrum of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.Clinical dysmorphology · 2026Article
- miR-433 targets BMP and Indian hedgehog signaling to coordinate murine postnatal growth plate dynamics.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Old Blood, Young Bones: Identification of Middle-Aged Myeloid Cells That Limit Cortical Bone Loss.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Cow's Milk Positively Impacts Bone Formation by Regulating the Osteocalcin Pathway Compared to Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Soy-Based Beverages in BALB/c Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-derived NEU1 as a therapeutic target for improving cortical bone integrity and fracture healing.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Pregnane X receptor protects against age-related bone loss in males via PI3K/Akt-mediated inhibition of apoptosis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Article
- Oral Administration of Hydrolyzed Egg Yolk Peptides With Low Molecular Weight Increased Bone Density by Regulating Bone Metabolism and Immune Responses.Journal of food science · 2025Article
- Mapping the spatial atlas of the human bone tissue integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Bone grafts and synthetic substitutes in dental applications: a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms, materials evolution, and clinical perspective.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Effects of stress on bone health in children.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Bone Quality and Mineralization and Effects of Treatment in Osteogenesis Imperfecta.Calcified tissue international · 2024Review
- Osteocyte ferroptosis induced by ATF3/TFR1 contributes to cortical bone loss during ageing.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Preclinical Rodent Models for Human Bone Disease, Including a Focus on Cortical Bone.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Bone Loss in Diabetes Mellitus: Diaporosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Denosumab-induced bone changes in a child: a case report.Pediatric radiology · 2024Article
- ATP6AP2, a regulator of LRP6/β-catenin protein trafficking, promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bone formation in a cell type dependent manner.Bone research · 2024Article
- Excess glucocorticoids inhibit murine bone turnover via modulating the immunometabolism of the skeletal microenvironment.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cortical bone structure is a crucial determinant of bone strength, yet for many years studies of novel genes and cell signalling pathways regulating bone strength have focused on the control of trabecular bone mass. Here we focus on mechanisms responsible for cortical bone development, growth, and degeneration, and describe some recently described genetic-driven modifications in humans and mice that reveal how these processes may be controlled. We start with embryonic osteogenesis of preliminary bone structures preceding the cortex and describe how this structure consolidates then matures to a dense, vascularised cortex containing an increasing proportion of lamellar bone. These processes include modelling-induced, and load-dependent, asymmetric cortical expansion, which enables the cortex's transition from a highly porous woven structure to a consolidated and thickened highly mineralised lamellar bone structure, infiltrated by vascular channels. Sex-specific differences emerge during this process. With aging, the process of consolidation reverses: cortical pores enlarge, leading to greater cortical porosity, trabecularisation and loss of bone strength. Each process requires co-ordination between bone formation, bone mineralisation, vascularisation, and bone resorption, with a need for locational-, spatial- and cell-specific signalling pathways to mediate this co-ordination. We will discuss these processes, and a number of cell-signalling pathways identified in both murine and human genetic studies to regulate cortical bone mass, including signalling through gp130, STAT3, PTHR1, WNT16, NOTCH, NOTUM and sFRP4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.