ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2022
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Autoimmune Disease Patients With B Cell Depletion.
Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Autoimmunity reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients in New York City During the 2020 Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Cureus · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With an Electronic Health Record-Based Definition of Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease.The Journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Breakthrough COVID-19 After Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab Among Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.The Journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Autoinflammatory Diseases and COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S-RBD IgG Levels in a Cohort of Patients Receiving IL-1 Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Observational
- COVID-19 severity by vaccination status in the NCI COVID-19 and Cancer Patients Study (NCCAPS).Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Improvement of humoral immunity by repeated dose-intensified COVID-19 vaccinations in primary non- to low-responders and B cell deficient rheumatic disease patients.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Article
- TNF inhibitors significantly attenuate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Article
- Antibody response to four doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an observational study.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Article
- Longitudinal COVID-19 immune trajectories in patients with neurological autoimmunity on anti-CD20 therapy.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Article
- Article
- Hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity against SAR-CoV-2 in MS patients on different disease-modifying therapies.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients affected by immune-mediated inflammatory diseases up to 5 months after vaccination.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Absent or suboptimal response to booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with autoimmune systemic diseases.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Observational
- Evaluation of humoral and cellular response to third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients treated with B-cell depleting therapy.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
- Rituximab-treated patients with lymphoma develop strong CD8 T-cell responses following COVID-19 vaccination.British journal of haematology · 2022Article
- Methotrexate significantly reduces the humoral vaccination response against SARS-CoV-2 in older but not younger patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveB cell depletion is an established therapeutic principle in a wide range of autoimmune diseases. However, B cells are also critical for inducing protective immunity after infection and vaccination. We undertook this study to assess humoral and cellular immune responses after infection with or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with B cell depletion and controls who are B cell-competent.
methodsAntibody responses (tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and T cell responses (tested using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid proteins were assessed in a limited number of previously infected (n = 6) and vaccinated (n = 8) autoimmune disease patients with B cell depletion, as well as previously infected (n = 30) and vaccinated (n = 30) healthy controls.
resultsAs expected, B cell and T cell responses to the nucleocapsid protein were observed only after infection, while respective responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 were found after both infection and vaccination. A SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was observed in all vaccinated controls (30 of 30 [100%]) but in none of the vaccinated patients with B cell depletion (0 of 8). In contrast, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, both the patients with B cell depletion (spike S1, 5 of 6 [83%]; nucleocapsid, 3 of 6 [50%]) and healthy controls (spike S1, 28 of 30 [93%]; nucleocapsid, 28 of 30 [93%]) developed antibodies. T cell responses against the spike S1 and nucleocapsid proteins were found in both infected and vaccinated patients with B cell depletion and in the controls.
conclusionThese data show that B cell depletion completely blocks humoral but not T cell SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response. Furthermore, limited humoral immune responses are found after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with B cell depletion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.