ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2021
Radiographic and fluoroscopic X-ray systems: Quality control of the X-ray tube and automatic exposure control using theoretical spectra to determine air kerma and dose to a homogenous phantom.
Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eye Lens Radiation Exposure During TAVI: Current Evidence and Imaging-Based Strategies for Dose Reduction.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
- Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Image Quality and Dose Comparison of 3 Mobile Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Imaging Systems in Spine Surgery.World neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Radiographic and fluoroscopic X-ray systems: Quality control of the X-ray tube and automatic exposure control using theoretical spectra to determine air kerma and dose to a homogenous phantom.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo develop a method to perform quality control (QC) of X-ray tubes and automatic exposure control (AEC) as a part of the QC of the radiographic and fluoroscopic X-ray system. Our aim is to verify the output from the X-ray tube by comparing the measured radiation output, or air kerma, to the theoretical output given the applied exposure settings and geometry, in addition to comparing the measured kV to the nominal kV. The AEC system for fluoroscopic and conventional X-ray systems is assessed by determining the absorbed dose to a homogenous phantom with different thicknesses.
methodThis study presents a model to verify the X-ray tube measurement results and a method to determine the dose to a homogenous phantom (D
resultsThe spectrum provided in this study was in good agreement with two previously published X-ray spectra. The absolute percentage differences of the spectra varied from 0.05% to 3.9%, with an average of 1.4%, compared to SpekCalc. Similarly, the deviation from IPEM report 78 varied from 0.02% to 2.3%, with an average of 0.74%. The SPECTRUM was parameterized for calculation of the imparted fraction for target angles of 10°, 12°, and 15°, kV (50-150 kV) with the materials Al (2.2-8 mm), Cu (0-1 mm), and any combination of the filters, PMMA and water. The deviation of energy imparted from the results by PCXMC was less than 8% for all measurements across different kV, filtration, and vendors, obtained by using PMMA to record the exposure parameters, while the dose was calculated based on water with same thicknesses as the PMMA.
conclusionThis study presents an accurate and suitable method to perform a part of the QC of fluoroscopic and conventional X-ray systems with respect to the X-ray tube and the associated AEC system. The method is suitable for comparing protocols within and between systems via the absorbed dose.
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