ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effects of intermittent fasting for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- What Are the Key Gut Microbiota Involved in Neurological Diseases? A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- CAR-T Cell Therapy and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Current Limitations.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- State-of-the-Art Review on Probiotics, Synbiotics, and Microbial Metabolites: Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Host Immunity, Metabolic Health, and Chronic Disease Prevention.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- High-Dose Ethanol-Induced Immunosuppression Modulates Sex-Specific Disease Outcomes in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and clinical implications of gut-brain interactions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Interconnection between gut microbial metabolites and mitochondrial ROS production: implications for cellular health.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Farnesol, the farnesol pathway, and the immune-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic cocktail-induced changes in gut microbiota drive alteration of bile acid metabolism to restrain Th17 differentiation through the FXR-NLRP3 axis.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Enteric nervous system as a therapeutic target in gastrointestinal disorders.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Derived SCFAs in Multiple Sclerosis: From Immune Priming to Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota modulates CNS barrier function in murine model for multiple sclerosis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Multi-omics Mendelian Randomization Reveals Immunometabolic Signatures of the Gut Microbiota in Optic Neuritis and the Potential Therapeutic Role of Vitamin B6.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Driven Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Strategies, and Biomarker Potential.Biology · 2025Review
- Cannabinoids as Multitarget Drugs for the Treatment of Autoimmunity in Glaucoma.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Bile acid metabolism in multiple sclerosis is perturbed and associated with the risk of confirmed disability worsening.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Akkermansia mono-colonization modulates microglia and astrocytes in a strain specific manner.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, together linking brain and gut functions. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis and making it a potential therapeutic target. While research in the area is still in its infancy, a number of studies revealed that pwMS are more likely to exhibit altered microbiota, altered levels of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile products, and increased intestinal permeability. However, specific microbes and metabolites identified across studies and cohorts vary greatly. Small clinical and preclinical trials in pwMS and mouse models, in which microbial composition was manipulated through the use of antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes in preventing CNS inflammation. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. Herein, we give an overview of how the GBA could contribute to MS pathogenesis, examine the different approaches tested to modulate the GBA, and discuss how they may impact neuroinflammation and demyelination in the CNS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.