ArticleArchives of virology2021
Prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance among treatment-naive individuals in China, 2000-2016.
Article in Archives of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Subtype Distribution and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among Treatment-naive Individuals in the Republic of Korea (2024-2025).Public health weekly report · 2026Article
- Prevalence and transmission of pretreatment drug resistance and acquired drug resistance among people living with HIV-1 in Chongqing, China, 2014-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Brief communication: characteristics of primary drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals in Ganzhou, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Molecular transmission network analysis of newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Nanjing from 2019 to 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Premature Activation of the HIV-1 Protease Is Influenced by Polymorphisms in the Hinge Region.Viruses · 2024Article
- Treatment persistence of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir disoproxil among HIV-1 patients newly starting treatment in Hunan Province in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Consistency of drug-resistant mutations in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced HIV-1 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- [Genetic Subtypes and Status of Transmitted Drug Resistance of HIV/AIDS Patients in Sichuan].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2022Article
- Medicinal Fungi with Antiviral Effect.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Testing Using Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing in Adults with Low-Level Viremia in China.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Factors Associated With Newly HIV Infection and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Harbin, P.R. China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with transmitted drug-resistance (TDR) limits the therapeutic options available for treatment-naive HIV patients. This study aimed to further our understanding of the prevalence and transmission characteristics of HIV with TDR for the application of first-line antiretroviral regimens. A total of 6578 HIV-1 protease/reverse-transcriptase sequences from treatment-naive individuals in China between 2000 and 2016 were obtained from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database and were analyzed for TDR. Transmission networks were constructed to determine genetic relationships. The spreading routes of large TDR clusters were identified using a Bayesian phylogeographic framework. TDR mutations were detected in 274 (4.51%) individuals, with 1.40% associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 1.52% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 1.87% to protease inhibitors. The most frequent mutation was M46L (58, 0.89%), followed by K103N (36, 0.55%), M46I (36, 0.55%), and M184V (26, 0.40%). The prevalence of total TDR initially decreased between 2000 and 2010 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.95) and then increased thereafter (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-1.97). The proportion of sequences in a cluster (clustering rate) among HIV isolates with TDR sequences was lower than that of sequences without TDR (40.5% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.023) and increased from 27.3% in 2005-2006 to 63.6% in 2015-2016 (P < 0.001). While most TDR mutations were associated with reduced relative transmission fitness, mutation M46I was associated with higher relative transmission fitness than the wild-type strain. This study identified a low-level prevalence of TDR HIV in China during the last two decades. However, the increasing TDR HIV rate since 2010, the persistent circulation of drug resistance mutations, and the expansion of self-sustaining drug resistance reservoirs may compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34195923What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.