SynthesisCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Risk factors for adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of NLR and PLR for immune-related adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors of immune-related adverse events in patients with early-stage breast cancer: Findings from a multi-institutional retrospective study.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Risk modifiers of immune-related adverse events in patients with NSCLC undergoing immunotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2026Article
- Impact of baseline nutritional and inflammatory markers on safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a retrospective, monocentric study.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Organ-metastatic landscape delineates overall and site-specific immune-related adverse events of PD-L1 blockade in advanced NSCLC.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Development of an online prediction tool for immunotherapy-related adverse events in patients with advanced NSCLC based on machine learning and temporal validation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Elevated C-Reactive Protein as a Potential Biomarker for Neurological Adverse Events in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Long-term durable response to Sintilimab therapy in synchronous lung squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma: a rare case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical Analysis of Peripheral Blood Indicators for Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs) in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- Preoperative Immune-Related Adverse Events in Resectable NSCLC Treated With Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Article
- Pembrolizumab- induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a patient with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Editorial for "a predictive model for irAEs in ESCC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors based on blood indicators".Future science OA · 2025Article
- TMB as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in TNBC: current evidence and future directions for augmented anti-tumor responses.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy for bone metastases induces an abscopal effect and improves outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment may improve clinical outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with bone metastases.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Article
- Curative intent therapy of stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer: a patient-centered precision approach to assess, measure, and interpret benefits and harms.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score in predicting the safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study.Chinese medical journal · 2025Observational
- Predictive value of serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aimed to identify risk factors for all types of irAEs induced by ICIs in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), by systematic review and meta-analyses.
methodsA systematic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science by two independent reviewers. Studies were selected that included patients with NSCLC and evaluated characteristics of patients with and without irAEs induced by ICIs. Quality and risk of bias of the selected studies were assessed. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors of developing all type of irAEs, and separately for pneumonitis, interstitial lung disease and severe irAEs. With the objective of exploring sources of heterogeneity, stratified analyses were performed by quality and region.
results25 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, the data of 6696 patients were pooled. 33 different risk factors for irAEs were reported. irAEs of interest were reported for 1653 (25%) of the patients. Risk factors related to the development of irAEs were: C-reactive protein, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), use of PD-1 inhibitor, high PD-L1 expression, an active or former smoking status, ground glass attenuation, and a better treatment response.
conclusionThe identified risk factors for the development of these irAEs are mostly related to the alteration of the immune system, proinflammatory states and loss of immunological self-tolerance. Patients identified as having a higher risk for irAEs should be monitored more closely.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.