ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2021
Development of Food Pattern Recommendations for Infants and Toddlers 6-24 Months of Age to Support the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for Infants in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of a Short Messaging Service (SMS) intervention delivered to caregivers on energy, nutrients, and food groups intake in infant participants of the WIC program.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Biocultural Determinants of Mothers' Complementary Feeding Decisions in the Urban Brazilian Amazon.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Development and pilot testing of a comprehensive and culturally-sensitive infant feeding descriptive questionnaire: a cross-sectional design.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Infant diet quality index predicts nutrients of concern and ultra-processed food intake in low-income children in the United States.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Caregiver feeding decisions and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with snack food intake during infancy and toddlerhood.Appetite · 2023Article
- Dietary Intake by Toddlers and Preschool Children: Preliminary Results from a Michigan Cohort.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dietary and Complementary Feeding Practices of US Infants, 6 to 12 Months: A Narrative Review of the Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Review
- Milk beverages can reduce nutrient inadequacy among Brazilian pre-school children: a dietary modelling study.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Commercial Complementary Food in Germany: A 2020 Market Survey.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Frequency of Sweet and Salty Snack Food Consumption Is Associated with Higher Intakes of Overconsumed Nutrients and Weight-For-Length z Scores During Infancy and Toddlerhood.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Article
- Healthy U.S.-style dietary patterns can be modified to provide increased energy from protein.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- Mathematical modeling to inform the development of national guidelines on infant feeding in Thailand.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022Article
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Understanding the Scientific Process, Guidelines, and Key Recommendations.Nutrition todayArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDeveloping food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for infants and toddlers is a complex task that few countries have attempted.
objectivesOur objectives are to describe the process of food pattern modeling (FPM) conducted to develop FBDGs for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 for infants 6 to <12 mo and toddlers 12 to <24 mo of age, as well as the implications of the results and areas needing further work.
methodsThe US 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, with the support of federal staff, conducted FPM analyses using 5 steps: 1) identified energy intake targets; 2) established nutritional goals; 3) identified food groupings and expected amounts, using 3 options for the amount of energy from human milk in each age interval; 4) estimated expected nutrient intakes for each scenario, based on nutrient-dense representative foods; and 5) evaluated expected nutrient intakes against nutritional goals.
resultsFor human milk-fed infants (and toddlers), example combinations of complementary foods and beverages were developed that come close to meeting almost all nutrient recommendations if iron-fortified infant cereals are included at 6 to <12 mo of age. These combinations would also be suitable for formula-fed infants. For toddlers not fed human milk, 2 patterns were developed: the Healthy US-Style Pattern and the Healthy Vegetarian Pattern (a lacto-ovo vegetarian pattern). Achieving nutrient recommendations left virtually no remaining energy for added sugars.
conclusionsIt is challenging to meet all nutrient needs during these age intervals. Added sugars should be avoided for infants and toddlers <2 y of age. Further work is needed to 1) establish a reference human milk composition profile, 2) update and strengthen the DRI values for these age groups, and 3) use optimization modeling, in combination with FPM, to identify combinations of foods that meet all nutritional goals.
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