ReviewFaculty reviews2021
cGAS-STING: insight on the evolution of a primordial antiviral signaling cassette.
Review in Faculty reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Systemic Propagation of STING Signalling via Generation of Large Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Article
- A recurrent adaptive mutation in the transmembrane 2B protein of an insect picorna-like virus in a nonnative host.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Review
- Innate immune mechanisms of infection: what we know and potential conserved mechanisms affecting sleep during infection.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2025Article
- Integrative structural analysis of NF45-NF90 heterodimers reveals architectural rearrangements and oligomerization on binding dsRNA.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Non-Immune Functions of Innate Immunity Acting on Physiological Processes: Insights fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- STING activation by teniposide: a potential direct mechanism beyond cGAS stimulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- In evolution's unending race: ancestral STING sensors inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tissue specific innate immune responses impact viral infection in Drosophila.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Cytosolic DNA sensors in neurodegenerative diseases: from physiological defenders to pathological culprits.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- At the Crossroads of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway and the DNA Damage Response: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Double-edged sword of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in viral infections: novel insights into virotherapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- The Many Ways to Deal with STING.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- STING trafficking as a new dimension of immune signaling.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- C. elegans: out on an evolutionary limb.Immunogenetics · 2022Review
- Insights on the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway During Herpesvirus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Orally acquired cyclic dinucleotides drive dSTING-dependent antiviral immunity in enterocytes.Cell reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) functions in the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway of innate immunity in mammals. It is activated upon binding the cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-cGAMP, a second messenger produced by the enzyme cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS), which acts as the receptor for DNA in this pathway, and triggers the expression of interferons and other viral stress-induced genes. The ancient origin of STING in the evolution of animals had been noted, but its primitive function was speculative. We review here recent advances in the remarkable history of cGAS-STING signaling, which establish that cGAS is a member of the family of cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases). In bacteria, CD-NTases synthesize a wide range of cyclic oligonucleotide second messengers in response to bacteriophage infections, which in turn activate a variety of effector proteins to abort phage infection. Among these effectors, some are related to STING, revealing an ancestral function for the cGAS-STING cassette in antiviral host defense. Study of STING signaling in invertebrate animals is consistent with an early acquisition in the history of metazoans of CD-NTase- and STING-encoding genes to counter the universal threat of viruses. In particular, STING-dependent immunity appears to play a previously unsuspected important role in some insects. These discoveries open up interesting perspectives for the use of model organisms to decipher emerging aspects of cGAS-STING biology in mammals, such as the activation of interferon-independent responses or the function and regulation of cGAS in the nucleus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.