Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34195677›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2021

CAR T cells targeting tumor-associated exons of glypican 2 regress neuroblastoma in mice.

Nan Li, Madeline B Torres, Madeline R Spetz, Ruixue Wang, Luyi Peng, Meijie Tian, Christopher M Dower, Rosa Nguyen, Ming Sun, Chin-Hsien Tai and 9 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Development of novel GPC2-directed radiotheranostics and CAR T cell therapy for neuroblastoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
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  9. D3-GPC2-Directed CAR T Cells Are Safe and Efficacious in Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma and Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Nan LiLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Madeline B TorresLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Madeline R SpetzLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ruixue WangLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Luyi PengLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Meijie TianGenetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Christopher M DowerMouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Rosa NguyenPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ming SunPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chin-Hsien TaiLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Natalia de ValCenter for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Raul CachauData Science and Information Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Xiaolin WuCancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Stephen M HewittLaboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Rosandra N KaplanPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Javed KhanGenetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Brad St CroixMouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Carol J ThielePediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Mitchell HoLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
National Cancer Institute · USNational Institutes of Health · USCenter for Cancer Research · USLeidos (United States) · USCancer Genetics (United States) · US

Funding

Development of new antibody-based cancer therapiesZIABC010891 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI HO, MITCHELL · 2009 to 2025
$21.4M
Experimental Pathology Laboratory (EPL)ZICBC011638 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI HEWITT, STEPHEN · 2015 to 2025
$16.6M
Targeting TEMs in Preclinical Tumor ModelsZIABC010578 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI ST CROIX, BRADLEY D · 2009 to 2025
$16.2M
Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer ProgressionZIABC011332 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI KAPLAN, ROSANDRA NATASHA · 2010 to 2025
$10.8M
Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisZIABC011334 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI KAPLAN, ROSANDRA NATASHA · 2010 to 2025
$10.8M
Neuroblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: tumor growth and immune regulationZIABC012046 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI THIELE, CAROL J · 2021 to 2025
$9.0M
Protective Role of Nonclassical Monocytes in Immunotherapies for Solid CancersU01CA224766 · NCI · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI HEDRICK, CATHERINE C, KAPLAN, ROSANDRA · 2018 to 2021
$1.4M
Antibody Therapy of CancerZ01BC010891 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI HO, MITCHELL · 2008 to 2008
$56k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 BC010891NCI NIH HHS U01 CA224766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Targeting solid tumors must overcome several major obstacles, in particular, the identification of elusive tumor-specific antigens. Here, we devise a strategy to help identify tumor-specific epitopes. Glypican 2 (GPC2) is overexpressed in neuroblastoma. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we show that exon 3 and exons 7-10 of GPC2 are expressed in cancer but are minimally expressed in normal tissues. Accordingly, we discover a monoclonal antibody (CT3) that binds exons 3 and 10 and visualize the complex structure of CT3 and GPC2 by electron microscopy. The potential of this approach is exemplified by designing CT3-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that regress neuroblastoma in mice. Genomic sequencing of T cells recovered from mice reveals the CAR integration sites that may contribute to CAR T cell proliferation and persistence. These studies demonstrate how RNA-seq data can be exploited to help identify tumor-associated exons that can be targeted by CAR T cell therapies.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationExonsFemaleGene ExpressionGlypicansHumansImmunotherapy, AdoptiveMiceMice, NudeModels, MolecularNervous System NeoplasmsNeuroblastomaProtein BindingAntibodies, MonoclonalGlypicansGPC2 protein, humanReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Chimeric Antigenantibodieschimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cellselectron microscopyepitopesglypican 2heparan sulfate proteoglycansimmunotherapyneuroblastomapediatric cancerstumor-specific T cells

Identifiers

PMID34195677
PMCPMC8233664
OpenAlexW3170449954

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.