Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34195671›Full record

ArticleSTAR protocols2021

Optimized immunofluorescence staining protocol for imaging germinal centers in secondary lymphoid tissues of vaccinated mice.

Sigrid Fra-Bido, Simon A Walker, Silvia Innocentin, Michelle A Linterman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in STAR protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  7. Lung B cells in ectopic germinal centers undergo affinity maturation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  10. Suppression of host humoral immunity byInfection and immunity · 2024
    Article
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  13. Article
  14. Fast and high-fidelitySTAR protocols · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sigrid Fra-BidoThe Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
Simon A WalkerThe Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
Silvia InnocentinThe Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
Michelle A LintermanThe Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Location of immune cells that form the germinal center reaction within secondary lymphoid tissues can be characterized using confocal microscopy. Here, we present an optimized immunofluorescence staining protocol to image germinal center structures in fixed/frozen spleen sections from ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 immunized mice. This protocol can be adapted to identify other cell types within secondary lymphoid tissues. For complete information on the generation and use of this protocol to examine immune responses to the COVID vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, please refer to Silva-Cayetano et al. (2020).

Indexed as

AnimalsChAdOx1 nCoV-19COVID-19Fluorescent Antibody TechniqueGerminal CenterImmunization, SecondaryImmunogenicity, VaccineMaleMiceSARS-CoV-2SpleenChAdOx1 nCoV-19AntibodyCell BiologyImmunologyMicrobiologyMicroscopyModel Organisms

Identifiers

PMID34195671
PMCPMC8233161

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.