ReviewJournal of immunology research2021
Toll-Like Receptors: General Molecular and Structural Biology.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Global research trends in bacteriophage and gut microbiota: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2012 to 2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of EZH2 regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer cells.Oncology reports · 2026Article
- Electroacupuncture Ameliorating Cerebral I/R-Induced Inflammatory Response through the TLR/TRAF6/NF-κB Pathway.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of hematological inflammatory indices for renal involvement in adult IgA vasculitis: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Cinnamon and Derivatives as Modulators of Toll-like Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- TLR/NF-κB activation in vitro as a tool in the assessment of occupational bioaerosol exposure and health risks in wastewater treatment plants.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Toll-Like Receptors in the Mechanism of Hexabromocyclododecane-Induced Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- From Inflammatory RNAs to Therapeutic Silencing: Deciphering the RNA-Inflammation Axis in Cancer and Neurodegeneration.Biology · 2026Review
- Vorinostat Rescues Cognitive Deficits in a Neuroinflammatory Mouse Model: A Study of Sex Differences and the Underlying TLR4/NF-κB Mechanism.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Andrographolide alleviates type 2 diabetic nephropathy through suppressing PI3K/AKT1/RRM2-triggered oxeiptosis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- From Environmental Organism to Nosocomial Threat:Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Differential regulation of monocyte exhaustion by distinct TLR agonists and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- DSS Colitis Model: Traps, Tricks, and Reporting Recommendations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence iniScience · 2026Review
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Exploring potential biomarkers of NETosis-Related genes in spinal cord injury through machine learning and multi-omics analysis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Immune and Stem Cell Interactions in Periodontal Disease: The Regulatory Role of Toll-Like Receptor 3.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Taking its TOLL: the role of toll-like receptor 4 in human health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimToll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system. Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune system to each other. The TLRs are activated through binding to damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), microbial/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns (XAMPs). The immunogenetic molecules of TLRs have their own functions, structures, coreceptors, and ligands which make them unique. These properties of TLRs give us an opportunity to find out how we can employ this knowledge for ligand-drug discovery strategies to control TLRs functions and contribution, signaling pathways, and indirect activities. Hence, the authors of this paper have a deep observation on the molecular and structural biology of human TLRs (hTLRs). METHODS AND MATERIALS: To prepare this paper and fulfill our goals, different search engines (e.g., GOOGLE SCHOLAR), Databases (e.g., MEDLINE), and websites (e.g., SCOPUS) were recruited to search and find effective papers and investigations. To reach this purpose, we tried with papers published in the English language with no limitation in time. The
resultsEach TLR molecule has its own molecular and structural biology, coreceptor(s), and abilities which make them unique or a complementary portion of the others. These immunogenetic molecules have remarkable roles and are much more important in different sections of immune and nonimmune systems rather than that we understand to date.
conclusionTLRs are suitable targets for ligand-drug discovery strategies to establish new therapeutics in the fields of infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancers, and other inflammatory diseases and disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.