ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2021
Insights from national survey on household expenditure for primary healthcare services availed through informal healthcare providers.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding out-of-pocket expenditure in India: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Many hops, many stops: care-seeking "loops" for diabetes and hypertension in three urban informal settlements in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEnsuring accessible and affordable primary healthcare services of optimal quality is a core component of universal health coverage (UHC). Though a substantial percentage of population avail healthcare services from informal healthcare providers (IHPs) in rural India, the information regarding the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure during such encounters is limited.
methodThe study analyzed publicly available data of 75
resultsIn total, 721 households accessed IHPs as part of out-patient consultation for infectious disease (67%). Households from rural areas (78%), households belonging to backward groups (75%), households from the poorest quintile and women (52%) access the services of IHPs. The median OOP for all services was INR 240 (IQR 120-600) and more than 90% of total OOP is accounted for medical expenditure.
conclusionThe programs need to define healthcare packages to engage IHPs to increase the reach and reduce OOP expenditure on households.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.