Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34194443›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Impact of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies on Progressive Systemic Bone Mineral Density Loss in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis After Two Years of Treat-to-Target.

Serena Bugatti, Laura Bogliolo, Antonio Manzo, Ludovico De Stefano, Paolo Delvino, Francesca Motta, Carlomaurizio Montecucco

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Risk of fracture among patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to serological status: a population-based retrospective cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
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  4. The Impact of Menopause on Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Serena BugattiDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Laura BoglioloDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Antonio ManzoDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Ludovico De StefanoDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Paolo DelvinoDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Francesca MottaDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Carlomaurizio MontecuccoDivision of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · ITPoliclinico San Matteo Fondazione · ITUniversity of Pavia · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the association of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) with changes in systemic bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after two years of treat-to-target. Methods: BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) in 100 patients with recent onset RA at baseline and after 24 months of treatment aimed at low disease activity (LDA) according to the 28-joints disease activity score (DAS28 <3.2). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine independent associations between autoantibodies and other disease and treatment-related parameters with BMD loss. Results: After 24 months, the majority of the patients were at least in LDA (78%), with slightly more ACPA-positive subjects achieving the target. The BMD had significantly decreased at both the LS (mean [SD] percent loss -1.8 [6.2], p=0.03) and the FN (-2.4 [7.3], p=0.03) in ACPA-positive but not in ACPA-negative patients. Consequently, the proportion of patients with reduced BMD (Z score ≤-1) after 24 months was significantly higher among ACPA-positive patients at both the spine (39.5% Conclusions: ACPA are associated with ongoing BMD loss at the spine despite suppression of inflammation and adoption of prophylactic measures. ACPA-positive RA patients should be therefore strictly monitored for the development of osteoporosis.

Indexed as

Anti-Citrullinated Protein AntibodiesArthritis, RheumatoidAutoantibodiesBone DensityFemaleGlucocorticoidsHumansMaleMiddle AgedOsteoporosisAnti-Citrullinated Protein AntibodiesAutoantibodiesGlucocorticoidsanti-citrullinated protein autoantibodiesbone mineral densityosteoporosis 3rheumatoid arthritisrheumatoid factor

Identifiers

PMID34194443
PMCPMC8236980
OpenAlexW3171291391

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.