Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34194429›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Implications in Post-COVID-19 Fibrosis.

Laura Pandolfi, Sara Bozzini, Vanessa Frangipane, Elena Percivalle, Ada De Luigi, Martina Bruna Violatto, Gianluca Lopez, Elisa Gabanti, Luca Carsana, Maura D'Amato and 12 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The Immune Microenvironment: New Therapeutic Implications in Organ Fibrosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Laura PandolfiResearch Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Sara BozziniResearch Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Vanessa FrangipaneResearch Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Elena PercivalleMolecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Ada De LuigiLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
Martina Bruna ViolattoLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
Gianluca LopezPathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
Elisa GabantiMolecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Luca CarsanaPathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
Maura D'AmatoResearch Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Monica MorosiniResearch Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Mara De AmiciLaboratory of Immuno Allergology Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics Clinic, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Manuela NebuloniPathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
Tommaso FossaliDivision of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Riccardo ColomboDivision of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Laura SaracinoUnit of Pneumology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Veronica CodulloUnit of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Massimiliano GnecchiCoronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Paolo BiginiLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
Fausto BaldantiMolecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Daniele LilleriMolecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Federica MeloniResearch Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · ITPoliclinico San Matteo Fondazione · ITLuigi Sacco Hospital · ITMario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research · ITUniversity of Pavia · ITASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco · ITUniversity of Milan · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a process termed NETosis, avoids pathogen spread but may cause tissue injury. NETs have been found in severe COVID-19 patients, but their role in disease development is still unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of NETs to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung epithelial cells and to analyze the involvement of NETs in COVID-19. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of severe COVID-19 patients showed high concentration of NETs that correlates with neutrophils count; moreover, the analysis of lung tissues of COVID-19 deceased patients showed a subset of alveolar reactive pneumocytes with a co-expression of epithelial marker and a mesenchymal marker, confirming the induction of EMT mechanism after severe SARS-CoV2 infection. By airway

Indexed as

Epithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionAdultBiopsyBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidCell LineCOVID-19Epithelial CellsExtracellular TrapsHumansLungNeutrophilsPulmonary FibrosisCOVID-19epithelial-mesenchymal transitionlung fibrosisNETosisSARS-CoV2

Identifiers

PMID34194429
PMCPMC8236949
OpenAlexW3171700400

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.