ReviewNature protocols2021
Synthesis and characterization of chemically fueled supramolecular materials driven by carbodiimide-based fuels.
Review in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Elucidating the Reciprocal Interplay between Supramolecular Polymer Cytoskeletons and Fuel-Dependent Synthetic Cells.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Design of Fuel-Dependent, Complex-Coacervate-Based Synthetic Cells.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enzyme-Free Phosphorylation with Kinetic Gating in a De Novo Coiled-Coil System.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Molecular Design in l-Glutamic Acid-Based Peptide Assembly Dynamics Driven by Carbodiimide-Fueled Reaction Cycle.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Chemically Fueled, Active Droplets Prevent the Aging of Peptides into Amyloid-Like Fibers.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Abiotic lipid metabolism enables membrane plasticity in artificial cells.Nature chemistry · 2025Article
- Understanding multicomponent low molecular weight gels from gelators to networks.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Chemically-fueled phase transition of a redox-responsive polymer.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2025Article
- Chemically Driven Division of Protocells by Membrane Budding.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Solvent-Induced Transient Self-Assembly of Peptide Gels: Gelator-Solvent Reactions and Material Properties Correlation.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- A transient vesicular glue for amplification and temporal regulation of biocatalytic reaction networks.Chemical science · 2023Article
- Chemically Fueled Supramolecular Materials.Accounts of materials research · 2023Article
- Regulating DNA-Hybridization Using a Chemically Fueled Reaction Cycle.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- Construction of transient supramolecular polymers controlled by mass transfer in biphasic systems.Chemical science · 2022Article
- Phase Transitions in Chemically Fueled, Multiphase Complex Coacervate Droplets.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2022Article
- Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Using Rheology to Understand Transient and Dynamic Gels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many supramolecular materials in biological systems are driven to a nonequilibrium state by the irreversible consumption of high-energy molecules such as ATP or GTP. As a result, they exhibit unique dynamic properties such as a tunable lifetime, adaptivity or the ability to self-heal. In contrast, synthetic counterparts that exist in or close to equilibrium are controlled by thermodynamic parameters and therefore lack these dynamic properties. To mimic biological materials more closely, synthetic self-assembling systems have been developed that are driven out of equilibrium by chemical reactions. This protocol describes the synthesis and characterization of such an assembly, which is driven by carbodiimide fuels. Depending on the amount of chemical fuel added to the material, its lifetime can be tuned. In the first step, the protocol details the synthesis and purification of the peptide-based precursors for the fuel-driven assemblies by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Then, we explain how to analyze the kinetic response of the precursors to a carbodiimide-based chemical fuel by HPLC and kinetic models. Finally, we detail how to study the emerging assembly's macro- and microscopic properties by time-lapse photography, UV-visible spectroscopy, shear rheology, confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. The procedure is described using the example of a colloid-forming precursor Fmoc-E-OH and a fiber-forming precursor Fmoc-AAD-OH to emphasize the differences in characterization depending on the type of assembly. The characterization of a precursor's transient assembly can be done within 5 d. The synthesis and purification of a peptide precursor requires 2 d of work.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.