ArticleNature2021
Thinking clearly about social aspects of infectious disease transmission.
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender-responsive infectious disease models: Guidelines and systematic scoping review.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Impact of Digital Contact Tracing and Other Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Pandemic Control: Microlevel, Behavior-Driven Agent-Based Model Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Exploring heterogeneity in mosquito exposure and attraction and its implications for malaria transmission.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- HIV Transmission Dynamics in Greater Mexico City are Shaped by Dense Spatial Mixing.Research square · 2026Article
- HIV Transmission Dynamics in Greater Mexico City are Shaped by Dense Spatial Mixing.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Hepatitis A virus endemicity and vaccine policy, India.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2026Article
- VIBES: A multiscale modeling approach integrating within-host and between-hosts dynamics in epidemics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Social Mixing Patterns and Chikungunya Reemergence Risk in French Polynesia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Partisan differences in health behaviors can impact respiratory disease dynamics.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Relationship between household attributes and contact patterns in urban and rural South Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
- Environmental resistomes and antimicrobial resistance: integrating the One Health framework.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Individual and neighborhood based socioeconomic factors relevant for contact behaviour and epidemic control.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Mpox in the African region (2022-2024): Addressing zero-inflation and spatial autocorrelation.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Harnessing registry data to identify socio-demographic and socio-economic gaps in HIV care in the Netherlands.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Incorporating human mobility to enhance epidemic response and estimate real-time reproduction numbers.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Coupled Dynamics of Information-Epidemic Spreading with Resource Allocation and Transmission on Multi-Layer Networks.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Closing the Gap in Race-based Inequities for Seasonal Influenza Hospitalizations: A Modeling Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Social inequalities in vaccine coverage and their effects on epidemic spreading.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Characterizing population-level changes in human behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Molecules to spillover: how climate warming impacts mosquito-borne viruses.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Social and cultural forces shape almost every aspect of infectious disease transmission in human populations, as well as our ability to measure, understand, and respond to epidemics. For directly transmitted infections, pathogen transmission relies on human-to-human contact, with kinship, household, and societal structures shaping contact patterns that in turn determine epidemic dynamics. Social, economic, and cultural forces also shape patterns of exposure, health-seeking behaviour, infection outcomes, the likelihood of diagnosis and reporting of cases, and the uptake of interventions. Although these social aspects of epidemiology are hard to quantify and have limited the generalizability of modelling frameworks in a policy context, new sources of data on relevant aspects of human behaviour are increasingly available. Researchers have begun to embrace data from mobile devices and other technologies as useful proxies for behavioural drivers of disease transmission, but there is much work to be done to measure and validate these approaches, particularly for policy-making. Here we discuss how integrating local knowledge in the design of model frameworks and the interpretation of new data streams offers the possibility of policy-relevant models for public health decision-making as well as the development of robust, generalizable theories about human behaviour in relation to infectious diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.