Trial reportNature2021
Two chemoattenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccines induce sterile hepatic immunity.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
17.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infection on B cell subsets in individuals with different levels of malaria immunity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a condensed, multi-dose prime regimen of PfSPZ Vaccine for the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection.Malaria journal · 2025Trial
- Single immunization with genetically attenuated Pf∆mei2 (GA2) parasites by mosquito bite in controlled human malaria infection: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine against malaria in healthy adults and women anticipating pregnancy in Mali: two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 and 2 trials.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Immune responses associated with protection induced by chemoattenuated PfSPZ vaccine in malaria-naive Europeans.JCI insight · 2024Trial
- Implementation of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Live Attenuated Malaria Sporozoite Vaccines in an Indonesian Military Study Population.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Trial
- Safety and protective efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine administered to HIV-negative and -positive Tanzanian adults.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Trial
- Whole sporozoite immunization with Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 in a randomized trial.BMC medicine · 2023Trial
- Host cell traversal by Plasmodium parasites drives sterilizing T cell-mediated immunity following immunization.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Pan-African hybridization of PfSPZ increases antigenic diversity and replicative capacity for malaria vaccine design.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Article
- Signatures of pathogen-driven selection and Austronesian gene flow of Papua New Guinea HLA alleles.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Vaccine-induced mouse antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum PfVFT antigen inhibit blood stages through multiple mechanisms.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The endemic dilemma: why whole sporozoite malaria vaccine efficacy falls in the field.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- Uptake of malaria vaccine (RTS,S/AS01) among children aged 6-24 months: A cross-sectional survey conducted in the Western region of Cameroon, 1 year following the vaccine introduction.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Complete attenuation of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites by atovaquone-proguanil.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- From data to immunity: the role of machine learning in advancing malaria vaccine research: a scoping review.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Successful insertion and expression of a tetracycline transactivator in Anopheles stephensi associated with increased egg production and decreased hatching rate.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- A 3D culture model facilitates mass production of in vitro Plasmodium falciparum haemolymph-like sporozoites.Malaria journal · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
36 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Agnes Mwakingwe-Omari *Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sara A Healy *Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-6094
Jacquelyn LaneLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
David M CookLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sahand KalhoriLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Charles WyattLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Aarti KolluriLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Omely Marte-SalcedoLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alemush ImeruLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Martha NasonBiostatistical Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-881X
Lei K DingLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hope DecederfeltClinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Junhui DuanLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jillian NealLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jacob RaitenLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Grace LeeLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jen C C HumeLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jihyun E JeonClinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ijeoma IkpeamaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Natasha KcSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Sumana ChakravartySanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Tooba MurshedkarSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
L W Preston ChurchSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Anita ManojSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Anusha GunasekeraSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Charles AndersonLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sean C MurphyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-0131
Sandra MarchInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Sangeeta N BhatiaInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-2097
Eric R JamesSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Peter F BillingsleySanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
B Kim Lee SimSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Thomas L RichieSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-5456
Irfan ZaidiLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stephen L HoffmanSanaria, Rockville, MD, USA.
Patrick E DuffyLaboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. patrick.duffy@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-5005
National Institutes of Health · USSanaria · USNational Institutes of Health Clinical Center · USBroad Institute · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USUniversity of Washington · US
Funding
Universal Attenuated Sporozoite Vaccine and Challenge SystemR44AI058375 · NIAID · SANARIA, INC. · PI HOFFMAN, STEPHEN LEV · 2006 to 2018
$9.9MPre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines: Discovery and Clinical DevelopmentZIAAI001135 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI DUFFY, PATRICK · 2010 to 2025
$6.4MAssessment of whole organism vaccinations in Malian AdultsZIAAI001170 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI DUFFY, PATRICK · 2012 to 2024
$4.8MPfSPZ Challenge with Chemoprophylaxis: Phase 1 Trial to Assess Liver Stage DrugU01AI109700 · NIAID · SANARIA, INC. · PI DUFFY, PATRICK E, HOFFMAN, STEPHEN LEV · 2013 to 2015
$779kHoward Hughes Medical InstituteIntramural NIH HHS ZIA AI001170NIAID NIH HHS R44 AI058375NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI109700NIH HHS 2R44 AI058375-11NIH HHS U01 AI109700-01
Abstract
The global decline in malaria has stalled
Indexed as
AdultAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibody FormationEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GLife Cycle StagesLiverMalariaMalaria VaccinesMaleMiddle AgedPlasmodium falciparumTime FactorsAntibodies, NeutralizingImmunoglobulin GMalaria VaccinesVaccines, Attenuated
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Registered trials
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.