ArticleThe Korean journal of pain2021
Effectiveness of virtual reality immersion on procedure-related pain and anxiety in outpatient pain clinic: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.
Article in The Korean journal of pain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of virtual reality for pain relief in medical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of virtual reality in managing pain and anxiety in adults during periprocedural period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Virtual reality for pain control during shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled study.World journal of urology · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions on Perioperative Anxiety, Depression, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR serious games · 2026Review
- Examination of the effects of virtual reality glasses and stress ball applications on pain, vital signs, anxiety, fear, satisfaction, and comfort levels during the dressing changes in patients who underwent abdominal surgery.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality Exercise: Effects on Cortisol, Quality of Life, Cognitive Function, and Psychological Symptoms in Fibromyalgia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Feasibility and Acceptability of a Stand-Alone Virtual Reality Headset on Perceived Pain and Anxiety During Bone Marrow Biopsies: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2025Article
- Adjunctive use of hypnosis for clinical pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain reports · 2024Review
- Multicenter, randomized, controlled comparative-effectiveness study comparing virtual reality to sedation and standard local anesthetic for pain and anxiety during epidural steroid injections.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Virtual reality hypnosis prior to radiofrequency thermocoagulation for patients with chronic pain: an exploratory clinical trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress.BMC medicine · 2023Review
- Bibliometric Analysis of Research Articles on Virtual Reality in the Field of Pain Medicine Published from 1993 to 2022.Journal of pain research · 2023Article
- Virtual reality: a promising non-pharmacological modality for chronic low back pain management in elderly.The Korean journal of pain · 2022Article
- Digital therapeutics in pain medicine.The Korean journal of pain · 2021Article
- Virtual Reality as a Nonpharmacological Tool for Acute Pain Management: A Scoping Review.Innovations in clinical neuroscienceReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe study investigated virtual reality (VR) immersion in alleviating procedure-related pain in patients with chronic pain undergoing fluoroscopy-guided minimally-invasive intervention in a prone position at an outpatient clinic.
methodsIn this prospective randomized controlled study, 38 patients undergoing lumbar sympathetic ganglion block were randomized into either the VR or the control group. In the VR group, procedure-related pain was controlled via infiltration of local anesthetics while watching a 30-minute VR hypnotic program. In the control group, the skin infiltration alone was used, with the VR device switched off. The primary endpoint was an 11-point score on the numerical rating scale, indicating procedure-related pain. Patients' satisfaction with pain control, anxiety levels, the need for additional local anesthetics during the procedure, hemodynamic stability, and any adverse events were assessed.
resultsProcedure-related pain was significantly lower in the VR group (3.7 ± 1.4) than in the control group (5.5 ± 1.7;
conclusionsVR immersion can be safely used as a novel adjunct to reduce procedural pain and anxiety during fluoroscopic pain intervention.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.