SynthesisSystematic reviews2021
Effect modification of the association between comorbidities and severe course of COVID-19 disease by age of study participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Acute and chronic kidney injury following COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a narrative review.European journal of translational myology · 2026Article
- Short-term acute outcomes by clinical and socioeconomic characteristics in adults with SARS-CoV-2: a population-based cohort study focused on the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Decarceration and COVID-19 infections in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities: a simulation modeling study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- People with long-term conditions are more adherent to protective behaviours against infectious disease.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- The impact of multimorbidity on severe COVID-19 outcomes in community and congregate settings.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses in urban and indigenous children in Colombia.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Selection for immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 revealed by high-resolution epitope mapping and sequence analysis.iScience · 2023Article
- The challenge of estimating the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions - Toward an integrated economic and epidemiological approach.Economics and human biology · 2023Review
- The Course of COVID-19 among Unvaccinated Patients-Data from the National Hospital in Warsaw, Poland.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Double Negative Control Inference in Test-Negative Design Studies of Vaccine Effectiveness.ArXiv · 2023Article
- Circulating Adiponectin Levels Are Inversely Associated with Mortality and Respiratory Failure in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.International journal of endocrinology · 2023Article
- Prediction of COVID-19 Infections for Municipalities in the Netherlands: Algorithm Development and Interpretation.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
- Body mass index and clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: Unravelling the "obesity paradox" phenomenon.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022Article
- Review
- Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy.The Permanente journal · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of casirivimab/imdevimab in patients with COVID-19 in the ambulatory setting.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2022Article
- Association Between Previous Stroke and Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study and an Overall Review of Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Phenylalanine and COVID-19: Tracking disease severity markers.International immunopharmacology · 2021Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Patients with COVID-19: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Mortality. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundComprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is required for deriving national and international recommendations on primary targets for non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) and vaccination strategies.
methodsWe performed a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly accessible data to quantify associations between predisposing health conditions, demographics, behavioural factors on the one hand and hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19 on the other hand. We provide ranges of reported and calculated effect estimates and pooled relative risks derived from a meta-analysis and meta-regression.
resultsSeventy-five studies were included in qualitative and 74 in quantitative synthesis, with study populations ranging from 19 to 44,672 COVID-19 cases. The risk of dying from COVID-19 was significantly associated with cerebrovascular [pooled relative risk (RR) 2.7 (95% CI 1.7-4.1)] and cardiovascular [RR 3.2 (CI 2.3-4.5)] diseases, hypertension [RR 2.6 (CI 2.0-3.4)], and renal disease [RR 2.5 (CI 1.8-3.4)], with high heterogeneity in pooled estimates, partly but not solely explained by age of study participants. For some comorbidities, our meta-regression showed a decrease in effect on the severity of disease with a higher median age of the study population. Compared to death, associations between several comorbidities and hospitalisation and ICU admission were less pronounced.
conclusionsWe obtained robust estimates on the magnitude of risk for COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death associated with comorbidities, demographic, and behavioural risk factors and show that these estimates are modified by age of study participants. This interaction is an important finding to be kept in mind for current vaccination strategies and for the protection of individuals with high risk for a severe COVID-19 course.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.