ArticleBMC research notes2021
Swimming turn performance: the distinguishing factor in 1500 m world championship freestyle races?
Article in BMC research notes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Swimming turns reduce energy demands of the aerobic performance in front crawl.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Impact of course length on swimming performance across age groups and swimming strokes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Changes in Race Performance During the Underwater Phases of a 200 m Bi-Fins Race Simulation After Application of Respiratory Muscle Training-A Case Study in the Current World Record Holder.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Determining Validity and Reliability of an In-Field Performance Analysis System for Swimming.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Variation vs. specialization: the dose-time-effect of technical and physiological variety in the development of elite swimmers.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Race analysis in swimming: understanding the evolution of publications, citations and networks through a bibliometric review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Review
- 2024: anticipating record-breaking performances in front crawl swimming through mathematical analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Sprinting to the top: comparing quality of distance variety and specialization between swimmers and runners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Short-course performance variation across all race sections: How 100 and 200 m elite male swimmers progress between rounds.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Competition age: does it matter for swimmers?BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Performance Development of European Swimmers Across the Olympic Cycle.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTurn sections represent the second largest part of total race time in 1500 m freestyle races and may substantially affect race results. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate individual race strategies and compare the effect of start, swim, and turn performances between short-course and long-course races. Video footages were collected from all 16 male finalists at the 2018 short and 2019 long-course World swimming championships (age 23.06 ± 2.3 years, FINA points 941 ± 42) for subsequently analysis of start, turn, and swim performance.
resultsThe larger number of turns in short-course races resulted in significantly faster race times (p = 0.004), but slower mean turn times compared to long-course races (p < 0.001). Total race velocity closely correlated with swim and turn but not start section velocity in short- (r ≥ 0.80, p ≤ 0.017) and long-course races (r ≥ 0.83, p ≤ 0.011). Analysis of individual race strategies showed that turn performance affected race results in 6 (75%) and 3 (37.5%) of the 8 world-best 1500 m swimmers in short-course and long-course races, respectively. Medal standing was improved for 1st, 3rd, and 4th ranked short- as well as 1st and 2nd ranked long-course finalist. Coaches, athletes, and performance analysts may carefully consider the importance of turn performance additionally to free-swimming skills.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.